jugoso

Forms

jugoso (feminine jugosa, masculine plural jugosos, feminine plural jugosas)^[1] Nebrija has both sugoso and xugoso, and the Diccionario de Autoridades still spells it xugoso.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

The DLE, Wiktionary and García de Diego take it as inherited from Latin sūcōsus (“full of sap, juicy”).^[5][1][6] The Latin adjective is formed from sūcus (“juice, sap”) with -ōsus.^[7][1] Corominas lists it among the derivatives of jugo, and Wiktionary notes that it is the same as that noun with -oso.^[2][8][1]

The initial /x/, written ⟨x⟩ and then ⟨j⟩, is the one of the noun, whose older form was Old Spanish sugo;^[2][8] Corominas puts it down to the influence of enjugar and enjuto, not to a regular sound change.^[2][8] The same Latin adjective is Portuguese sucoso, which Nascentes calls semi-learned, Catalan sucós and Italian succoso.^[9][10][1]

De Vaan reconstructs *souko- for the Latin noun and Proto-Indo-European *souḱo- (“juice”), from a root for sucking found also in sūgan (“to suck”).^[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record in the Old Spanish Textual Archive is the Burgos printing of Alfonso de la Torre's Visión deleitable, of 1486.^[12] Nebrija, around 1495, gives sugoso with the Latin equivalents succidus and succosus “juicy”.^[3]

Semantic evolution

The Diccionario de Autoridades defined xugoso as having juice, and figuratively as substantial, useful and profitable, quoting Fray Luis de León's Nombres de Cristo.^[4] In the Americas it is recorded in 1625 for juicy meat and for a damp kingdom.^[13] The Academy wrote jugoso by 1817.^[14]

Salvá added in 1846 a painters' sense, of colours and tints with a good body, and Alemany in 1917 had colours that cover the priming well.^[15][16] The DLE now speaks of colouring free of dryness and of drawing free of stiffness.^[5] The sense “valuable, profitable”, as in a jugoso contract, is now common.^[5][17]

Timeline

• 1486 – the Burgos printing of the Visión deleitable has the word.^[12]
• c. 1495 – Nebrija records sugoso and xugoso.^[2][3]
• 1625 – the first record in the Americas.^[13]
• 1726–1739 – the Diccionario de Autoridades gives xugoso with the figurative sense “substantial, profitable”.^[4]
• 1817 – the Academy's dictionary spells it jugoso.^[14]
• 1846 – Salvá adds the painting sense.^[15]

Meanings

Adjective

1. juicy, full of juice: Estas naranjas están muy jugosas.^[5][1]
2. Of food: nourishing, substantial (sustancioso).^[5]
3. Valuable, worthwhile, profitable: Firmó un contrato jugoso.^[5][17]
4. (painting) Of colouring: free of dryness.^[5]
5. (painting) Of drawing: free of stiffness and hardness.^[5]

Word family

• jugosidad

Related words

• jugo
• suculento
• Latin sūcus

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 537
3. ^ a b c Nebrija, Antonio de (1513), Vocabulario español-latino, Salamanca, ed. Marina Vidal Díez (2007), Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, p. 419
4. ^ a b c Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 6, 540
5. ^ a b c d e f g h Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. jugoso
6. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. art. 6445
7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
8. ^ a b c Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. jugo
9. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. sucoso
10. ^ Alcover, Antoni M.; Moll, Francesc de B. (1930–1962), Diccionari català-valencià-balear, 10 vols., Palma de Mallorca: Moll, p. s.v. sucós
11. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
12. ^ a b Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (2026), Old Spanish Textual Archive (OSTA): semi-paleographic transcriptions of Old Spanish texts, ed. Francisco Gago Jover et al., https://www.hispanicseminary.org, p. s.v. jugoso
13. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. jugoso
14. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1817), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 5th ed., Madrid: Imprenta Real, p. 509
15. ^ a b Salvá, Vicente (1846), Nuevo diccionario de la lengua castellana, París: Librería de Don Vicente Salvá, p. 638
16. ^ Alemany y Bolufer, José (1917), Diccionario de la lengua española, Barcelona: Ramón Sopena, p. 989
17. ^ a b Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. jugoso