doctoral

Forms

doctoral m or f (masculine and feminine plural doctorales)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Spanish doctor + -al, and Corominas lists it among that noun's derivatives with the date 1611.^[2][3] Autoridades gave Medieval Latin doctoralis as the Latin word in common use.^[4] Niermeyer records it in Medieval Latin, “of a doctor”.^[5]

The base noun is from Latin doctor (“teacher”), from doceō (“to teach”).^[2][6] It is first recorded in the Libro de Alexandre in the sense “teacher”.^[2] Terreros compares French doctoral and Italian dottorale.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The CDH's earliest hit is in Luis de Lucena's Repetición de amores (c. 1495, in an incunable of about 1497), which renders Cicero's De officiis: Obedescan las armas a la doctoral vestidura “let arms give way to the doctor's gown”.^[8] Corominas's date is 1611.^[3]

Semantic evolution

From the early 16th century the word named the canonries of the cathedrals reserved for a doctor: a Repertorio of royal decrees (1523–1551) has las calongías Magistral y Doctoral.^[8] Autoridades (1732) explains that the doctoral canonry was founded with the magistral one in 1473, by a bull of Pope Sixtus IV issued at the request of the Spanish churches.^[9] The holder had to be a graduate, and the Academy later required a degree in canon law.^[9][10] The 1869 edition says he directed the chapter's lawsuits, and records the noun use for the canon (masculine) and the canonry (feminine).^[11] In 1652 a text from Cuzco mentions the insinias dotorales, the insignia of a doctor.^[12] Today the DLE gives the adjective “of a doctor or a doctorate”, as in tesis doctoral, and the two nouns.^[13][14] Moliner adds a figurative use, of a pompous, dogmatic tone.^[15]

Timeline

• c. 1495 – Luis de Lucena writes of la doctoral vestidura.^[8]
• 1523–1551 – the doctoral canonries in a Repertorio of royal decrees.^[8]
• 1611 – Corominas's first date.^[3]
• 1652 – first record from the Americas, in Cuzco.^[12]
• 1732 – the Diccionario de Autoridades records the adjective and the canonry.^[4]
• 1869 – the Academy records the noun use for the canon and the canonry.^[11]

Meanings

Adjective

1. doctoral: of or relating to a doctor or a doctorate (doctorado): Defendió su tesis doctoral el pasado lunes.^[13][15][1]
2. (figurative) Of speech or a speaker: pompous, dogmatic (dogmático) or solemn.^[15]

Noun

1. (masculine) The canónigo doctoral, the canon of a cathedral who is the chapter's legal adviser.^[13][11]
2. (feminine) The doctoral canonry (canonjía).^[13]

Related words

• doctorado
• doctorar
• magistral
• Medieval Latin doctoralis

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 2, 509
3. ^ a b c Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. doctor
4. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 3, 325
5. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
6. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
7. ^ Terreros y Pando, Esteban de (1786–1793), Diccionario castellano con las voces de ciencias y artes y sus correspondientes de las tres lenguas francesa, latina e italiana, 4 vols., Madrid: Viuda de Ibarra, p. 1, 696
8. ^ a b c d Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. doctoral
9. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 3, s.v. doctoral
10. ^ Real Academia Española (1817), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 5th ed., Madrid: Imprenta Real, p. 333
11. ^ a b c Real Academia Española (1869), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 11th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de Don Manuel Rivadeneyra, p. 288
12. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. doctoral
13. ^ a b c d Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. doctoral
14. ^ Battaner Arias, Paz (dir.) (2017), Diccionario general de la lengua española VOX, Barcelona: Larousse Editorial, p. s.v. doctoral
15. ^ a b c Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. doctoral