Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Spanish word diciembre

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1218–1250 Fuero de Zorita de los Canes, spelt deziembre More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin December via Old Spanish
Ultimate origin
Latin decem
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin decem
French dix
Italian dieci
Spanish diez
Latin December
Spanish diciembre
English December
German Dezember
From the same root
English decimate ← decem
Latin decānus ← decem
Latin decempeda ← decem
Latin decemvir ← decem
Latin deciēns ← decem
Latin decuria ← decem
Latin dēnī ← decem
Latin duodecim ← decem
Latin quattuordecim ← decem
Latin quīndecim ← decem
Latin sēdecim ← decem
Latin septendecim ← decem
Latin ūndecim ← decem

Pronunciation

  • /diˈθjembɾe/, [d̪iˈθjẽm.bɾe], /diˈsjembɾe/[1]

Forms

diciembre m (plural diciembres)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old Spanish deziembre or diziembre, inherited from Latin December (“December”).[1][2][3] The Latin name meant “the tenth (month)”, because the Roman year originally began in March; it is built on decem (“ten”).[3][4][5][6] Wiktionary calls the formation uncertain and explains the ending as a shortening, by haplology, of an adjective meaning “of the tenth month”, made with mēnsis (“month”); the OLD also analyses it with that word.[1][6]

The same Latin word gives Portuguese dezembro, Galician decembro, Catalan desembre, French décembre and Italian dicembre.[7][1][8] García de Diego and Wiktionary record an Old Spanish variant with ⟨e⟩ in the first syllable, deciembre.[7][1] Autoridades remarked in 1732 that the Latin form would lead one to expect that spelling, but that usage preferred ⟨i⟩, and it rejected the spelling with ⟨z⟩ as contrary to the origin.[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The CDH's first record in a Spanish text is the Fuero de Zorita de los Canes (1218–c. 1250): tengan escucha enel mes de deziembre, et de enero, et de febrero “let them keep watch in the month of December, and of January, and of February”.[10] Corominas dates the word to 1220–1250.[2] Charters of the same years still date themselves in Latin, kalendas decembris.[10]

Semantic evolution

Autoridades (1732) called it the tenth month of the old Roman year and the twelfth of the calendar of the Roman Church and most European nations, with 31 days and the winter solstice.[9] The Academy kept that definition through the 19th century, adding in 1884 the etymology from Latin december and decem; in 1899 it extended the calendar to “almost all the nations of Europe and America”.[11][12][13] Today the DLE defines it simply as the twelfth month, with 31 days.[3]

Spanish passed the word to the languages of the Philippines, such as Tagalog Disyembre.[1] In Asturian the month is called avientu.[14]

Timeline

  • 1119–1202 – DEMel's earliest record, in the Mozarabic documents of Toledo.[15]
  • 1218–1250 – the Fuero de Zorita de los Canes has deziembre.[10]
  • 1256–1300 – Alfonso X's legal prose speaks of the feast of Saint Lucy in el mes de deziembre.[16]
  • c. 1495 – Nebrija: Deziembre mes. december.[17]
  • 1528 – the first record from the Americas, in Nicaragua, spelt diziembre.[18]
  • 1732 – Autoridades prefers the spelling diciembre.[9]
  • 1884 – the Academy gives the Latin etymology for the first time.[12]
  • 1899 – the Academy adds America to the definition.[13]

Meanings

Noun

  1. December, the twelfth and last month of the year, with 31 days: Nos casamos el 14 de diciembre.[3][1]

Usage notes

It is abbreviated dic.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. diez
  3. ^ a b c d Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. diciembre
  4. ^ Gómez de Silva, Guido (1988), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua española, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica / El Colegio de México, p. 229
  5. ^ Bénaben, Michel (2000), Dictionnaire étymologique de l'espagnol, Paris: Ellipses
  6. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. december
  7. ^ a b García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. 2133
  8. ^ Segura Munguía, Santiago (2014), Lexicón etimológico y semántico del latín y de las voces actuales que proceden de raíces latinas o griegas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, p. 174
  9. ^ a b c Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 3, 268
  10. ^ a b c Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. diciembre
  11. ^ Real Academia Española (1843), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 9th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Francisco María Fernández, p. 261
  12. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 383
  13. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1899), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 13th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de los Sres. Hernando y Compañía, p. 354
  14. ^ Academia de la Llingua Asturiana (2000), Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana, Uviéu: ALLA; online at https://mas.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu, p. s.v. diciembre
  15. ^ Diccionario del Español Medieval electrónico (DEMel), data publication 2026 (CC BY-SA), Universität Rostock, p. s.v. diciembre
  16. ^ Kasten, Lloyd A.; Nitti, John J.; Gago Jover, Francisco (2002–), Diccionario de la prosa castellana del Rey Alfonso X, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (electronic edition 2024), p. s.v. diciembre
  17. ^ Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. diciembre
  18. ^ Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. deciembre

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Diciembre.” Etymologically, 7 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/es/diciembre. Accessed 7 Nov. 2026.

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