Etymology and origin of the Spanish word cuando
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 900s More words from the 9th century
- Inherited from
- Latin quando
- Ultimate origin
- Latin quandō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /ˈkwando/, [ˈkwãn̪.d̪o][1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin quandō (“when”); Old Spanish quando is recorded from the 10th century.[2][3][1] The Latin word was both temporal, “when”, and causal, “since”, and replaced cum in these uses.[4]
The same Latin word is Portuguese quando, Galician cando, Catalan quan, Occitan quan, French quand, Italian quando, Sardinian cando and Romanian când.[5][6][7] Asturian has a form condo.[7]
The Latin word is formed from quam (“how, as”) and a particle *dō (“then”), also found in dōnec (“until”).[8][1] Wiktionary traces this particle to *doh₁, an instrumental of *de.[1] The OLD compares Sanskrit कदा (kadā́, “when”).[8]
Earliest recorded meaning
The Breve diccionario dates the first record to the 10th century.[2] The Cantar de mio Cid (c. 1140) has „Quando a tierra de moros entró, que grant aver sacó” “when he entered the land of the Moors, he took great wealth”.[9][10]
Semantic evolution
The temporal sense “at the time when” has always been the main one, from the Cid, the Fuero de Avilés and Berceo on.[9] Nebrija (1492) gave it as the equivalent of Latin cum and quando.[11][12] Covarrubias (1611) recorded cada y quando “whenever”, and the Diccionario de Autoridades still spelled it quando.[13][14] Terreros noted the concessive use, “even if”, and the phrases cuando más and cuando mucho “at most”.[15]
Cuervo's dictionary of construction (1886–1893) described its relative, elliptical, prepositional, conditional, causal, concessive, interrogative and distributive uses.[16] The Academy's dictionary of 1884 still treated the interrogative ¿cuándo? under the same entry; the current dictionary has a separate entry for cuándo.[17][18] Prepositional use with a noun, cuando niño “as a child”, cuando la guerra “at the time of the war”, is also recognised.[3][16]
Timeline
- 900s – first record.[2]
- c. 1140 – the Cantar de mio Cid: „Quando a tierra de moros entró”.[9]
- c. 1155 – the Fuero de Avilés has quando.[9]
- 1202 – the Cortes de Benavente, in a contemporary copy.[19]
- 1492 – Nebrija's Latin–Spanish dictionary renders Latin cum and quando as cuando.[11]
- 1611 – Covarrubias records cada y quando.[13]
- 1884 – the Academy's dictionary gives the etymology “Del lat. quando”.[17]
- 1886–1893 – Cuervo's Diccionario de construcción y régimen analyses its uses.[16]
Meanings
Adverb
- (relative) At which, in which (of time, with an antecedent): Llegó en marzo, cuando ya hacía calor.[3][1]
- (relative) At the time when, without an antecedent: when: Avísame cuando termines.[3][1]
- (relative) The time when, after a preposition: Lo dejo para cuando vuelvas.[3]
- (relative) Some or no time when, mostly with tener or haber.[3]
Conjunction
Preposition
Related words
- cuándo
- Latin quandō
- Portuguese quando
Usage notes
The interrogative and exclamative cuándo “when?”, written with an accent, has its own entry: ¿Cuándo vienes?[18] In the sense “some or no time when” (no tengo cuándo) the accent is optional.[3] Set phrases include aun cuando “even though”, cuando más “at most”, cuando menos “at least” and de cuando en cuando “from time to time”.[16][3]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. cuando
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. cuando
- ^ Bénaben, Michel (2000), Dictionnaire étymologique de l'espagnol, Paris: Ellipses, p. s.v. cuando
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
- ^ Buchi, Éva; Schweickard, Wolfgang, eds. (2008–), Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman (DÉRom), Nancy: ATILF, http://www.atilf.fr/DERom
- ^ a b García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. 5330
- ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ a b c d Alonso Pedraz, Martín (1986), Diccionario medieval español: desde las Glosas Emilianenses y Silenses (s. X) hasta el siglo XV, 2 vols., Salamanca: Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, p. 822
- ^ Cejador y Frauca, Julio (1929), Vocabulario medieval castellano, Madrid: Librería y Casa Editorial Hernando, p. s.v. cuando
- ^ a b Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. cuando
- ^ Nebrija, Antonio de (1513), Vocabulario español-latino, Salamanca, ed. Marina Vidal Díez (2007), Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, p. 321
- ^ a b Covarrubias Orozco, Sebastián de (1611), Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española, Madrid: Luis Sánchez (Biblioteca Wordkers transcription, CC BY 4.0), p. 1240
- ^ Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 5, 450
- ^ Terreros y Pando, Esteban de (1786–1793), Diccionario castellano con las voces de ciencias y artes y sus correspondientes de las tres lenguas francesa, latina e italiana, 4 vols., Madrid: Viuda de Ibarra, p. 1, 562
- ^ a b c d e f g h Cuervo, Rufino José (1886–1893), Diccionario de construcción y régimen de la lengua castellana, vols. I–II (A–D), París: A. Roger y F. Chernoviz, p. 2, 629
- ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 311
- ^ a b Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. cuándo
- ^ Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. cuando
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Cuando.” Etymologically, 7 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/es/cuando. Accessed 7 Nov. 2026.
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