Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Spanish word cuando

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
900s More words from the 9th century
Inherited from
Latin quando
Ultimate origin
Latin quandō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin quam
Latin quandō
Aromanian cãndu
French quand
Italian quando
Spanish cuando
From the same root
Italian quasi ← quam
Latin antequam ← quam
Latin nēquam ← quam
Latin perquam ← quam
Latin posteāquam ← quam
Latin postquam ← quam
Latin praeterquam ← quam
Latin priusquam ← quam
Latin quamdiū ← quam
Latin quamlibet ← quam
Latin quamprīmum ← quam
Latin quamquam ← quam
Latin quamvīs ← quam
Latin quasi ← quam
Latin tamquam ← quam
Latin aliquandō ← quandō
Latin ecquandō ← quandō
Latin quandōcumque ← quandō
Latin quandōque ← quandō
Latin quandōquidem ← quandō

Pronunciation

  • /ˈkwando/, [ˈkwãn̪.d̪o][1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin quandō (“when”); Old Spanish quando is recorded from the 10th century.[2][3][1] The Latin word was both temporal, “when”, and causal, “since”, and replaced cum in these uses.[4]

The same Latin word is Portuguese quando, Galician cando, Catalan quan, Occitan quan, French quand, Italian quando, Sardinian cando and Romanian când.[5][6][7] Asturian has a form condo.[7]

The Latin word is formed from quam (“how, as”) and a particle *dō (“then”), also found in dōnec (“until”).[8][1] Wiktionary traces this particle to *doh₁, an instrumental of *de.[1] The OLD compares Sanskrit कदा (kadā́, “when”).[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Breve diccionario dates the first record to the 10th century.[2] The Cantar de mio Cid (c. 1140) has „Quando a tierra de moros entró, que grant aver sacó” “when he entered the land of the Moors, he took great wealth”.[9][10]

Semantic evolution

The temporal sense “at the time when” has always been the main one, from the Cid, the Fuero de Avilés and Berceo on.[9] Nebrija (1492) gave it as the equivalent of Latin cum and quando.[11][12] Covarrubias (1611) recorded cada y quando “whenever”, and the Diccionario de Autoridades still spelled it quando.[13][14] Terreros noted the concessive use, “even if”, and the phrases cuando más and cuando mucho “at most”.[15]

Cuervo's dictionary of construction (1886–1893) described its relative, elliptical, prepositional, conditional, causal, concessive, interrogative and distributive uses.[16] The Academy's dictionary of 1884 still treated the interrogative ¿cuándo? under the same entry; the current dictionary has a separate entry for cuándo.[17][18] Prepositional use with a noun, cuando niño “as a child”, cuando la guerra “at the time of the war”, is also recognised.[3][16]

Timeline

  • 900s – first record.[2]
  • c. 1140 – the Cantar de mio Cid: „Quando a tierra de moros entró”.[9]
  • c. 1155 – the Fuero de Avilés has quando.[9]
  • 1202 – the Cortes de Benavente, in a contemporary copy.[19]
  • 1492 – Nebrija's Latin–Spanish dictionary renders Latin cum and quando as cuando.[11]
  • 1611 – Covarrubias records cada y quando.[13]
  • 1884 – the Academy's dictionary gives the etymology “Del lat. quando”.[17]
  • 1886–1893 – Cuervo's Diccionario de construcción y régimen analyses its uses.[16]

Meanings

Adverb

  1. (relative) At which, in which (of time, with an antecedent): Llegó en marzo, cuando ya hacía calor.[3][1]
  2. (relative) At the time when, without an antecedent: when: Avísame cuando termines.[3][1]
  3. (relative) The time when, after a preposition: Lo dejo para cuando vuelvas.[3]
  4. (relative) Some or no time when, mostly with tener or haber.[3]

Conjunction

  1. In case, if.[3][16]
  2. Although, even though; whereas.[3][16]
  3. Since, because.[3][16]

Preposition

  1. At the time of, followed by a noun phrase without a verb: Cuando la boda, todos vinieron.[3][16]
  • cuándo
  • Latin quandō
  • Portuguese quando

Usage notes

The interrogative and exclamative cuándo “when?”, written with an accent, has its own entry: ¿Cuándo vienes?[18] In the sense “some or no time when” (no tengo cuándo) the accent is optional.[3] Set phrases include aun cuando “even though”, cuando más “at most”, cuando menos “at least” and de cuando en cuando “from time to time”.[16][3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. cuando
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. cuando
  4. ^ Bénaben, Michel (2000), Dictionnaire étymologique de l'espagnol, Paris: Ellipses, p. s.v. cuando
  5. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
  6. ^ Buchi, Éva; Schweickard, Wolfgang, eds. (2008–), Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman (DÉRom), Nancy: ATILF, http://www.atilf.fr/DERom
  7. ^ a b García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. 5330
  8. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  9. ^ a b c d Alonso Pedraz, Martín (1986), Diccionario medieval español: desde las Glosas Emilianenses y Silenses (s. X) hasta el siglo XV, 2 vols., Salamanca: Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, p. 822
  10. ^ Cejador y Frauca, Julio (1929), Vocabulario medieval castellano, Madrid: Librería y Casa Editorial Hernando, p. s.v. cuando
  11. ^ a b Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. cuando
  12. ^ Nebrija, Antonio de (1513), Vocabulario español-latino, Salamanca, ed. Marina Vidal Díez (2007), Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, p. 321
  13. ^ a b Covarrubias Orozco, Sebastián de (1611), Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española, Madrid: Luis Sánchez (Biblioteca Wordkers transcription, CC BY 4.0), p. 1240
  14. ^ Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 5, 450
  15. ^ Terreros y Pando, Esteban de (1786–1793), Diccionario castellano con las voces de ciencias y artes y sus correspondientes de las tres lenguas francesa, latina e italiana, 4 vols., Madrid: Viuda de Ibarra, p. 1, 562
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h Cuervo, Rufino José (1886–1893), Diccionario de construcción y régimen de la lengua castellana, vols. I–II (A–D), París: A. Roger y F. Chernoviz, p. 2, 629
  17. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 311
  18. ^ a b Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. cuándo
  19. ^ Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. cuando

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Cuando.” Etymologically, 7 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/es/cuando. Accessed 7 Nov. 2026.

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