badil

Forms

badil m (plural badiles)^[1] Old and dialect texts also have vadil, baíl, badí, bail and baín.^[2] The feminine badila is used in the same sense.^[3][1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old Spanish badil, inherited from Vulgar Latin *batīle, a popular reshaping of Latin batillum (“fire shovel”).^[4][1][2] The DLE derives it directly from the classical form.^[5] Le Men notes that the classical word itself has left only a few northern dialect words, among them Asturian badillu and badiellu.^[6] The Latin word meant a shovel for coals or dirt, and also a fire-pan or censer.^[7][8]

The same Latin base gave Portuguese badil, Galician badil, Italian badile and the Engadine badigl.^[9][10][11] Covarrubias thought the word was Hebrew, from a verb meaning “to divide”, before preferring the Latin word, and he reports Guadix's Arabic explanation as well.^[12] Autoridades already took it from Latin.^[13]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Fuero de Ledesma, dated by the CDH before 1252, in a list of household goods: e dos çedaços, e arca, e badil, e criua “and two sieves, and a chest, and a fire shovel, and a riddle”.^[14] A Leonese inventory of 1268 lists una candela con so badil “a candle with its shovel”.^[14][6]

Semantic evolution

The sense has stayed close to the Latin one: a small metal shovel for stirring and gathering the embers in a hearth or brazier.^[5][2] The medieval Bibles use it for the shovels of the altar of sacrifice.^[2][14] Juan Ruiz puts badil among the many nicknames of the go-between in the Libro de buen amor.^[15][14] In 1571 Molina's Nahuatl dictionary used it to gloss a clay vessel for carrying embers.^[16] Alemany in 1917 added a shovel once used by lime-burners and the bar that holds a millstone.^[17] Today Moliner also gives it for a dustpan, and in Andalusia it is a shovel for gathering ashes in the kitchen.^[18][19]

Timeline

• a. 1252 – the Fuero de Ledesma lists a badil among household goods.^[14]
• 1268 – an inventory from Carrizo (León) has una candela con so badil.^[14][6]
• 1289 – Corominas's date of first record, from a document of the Rioja Baja.^[4][6]
• a. 1300 – a Bible of the Escorial uses the plural badiles for the altar shovels.^[2]
• 1330–1343 – the Libro de buen amor uses badil as a nickname for the go-between.^[15]
• c. 1400 – a Latin–Spanish glossary has the form vadil.^[2][20]
• c. 1495 – Nebrija gives badil de hogar as Latin batillum.^[21]
• 1548 – first record in the Americas, in Santo Domingo.^[16]
• 1611 – Covarrubias weighs a Hebrew and a Latin origin.^[12]
• 1884 – the Academy's dictionary gives the etymology from Latin batillum.^[22]

Meanings

Noun

1. A small shovel of iron or other metal for stirring and gathering the embers in a fireplace or brazier.^[5][1]
2. A dustpan for ashes or sweepings.^[18][19]

Word family

• badila
• badilazo
• badilejo

Related words

• Latin batillum
• Portuguese badil
• Italian badile

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Real Academia Española (2021–), Tesoro de los diccionarios históricos de la lengua española (TDHLE): Diccionario histórico (1933–1936), its unpublished slips, Diccionario histórico (1960–1996), DHECan, DHECR, DHEVen, https://www.rae.es/tdhle, p. s.v. badil
3. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. badila
4. ^ a b Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. badil
5. ^ a b c Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. badil
6. ^ a b c d Le Men Loyer, Janick (2002–2012), Léxico del leonés actual, 4 vols., León: Centro de Estudios e Investigación San Isidoro; electronic version, Universidad de León, p. s.v. badil
7. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
8. ^ du Cange, Charles du Fresne, et al. (1883–1887), Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, augmented ed. by Léopold Favre, Niort: L. Favre, p. 1, 604
9. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
10. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. 958
11. ^ Machado, José Pedro (1987), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., 5 vols., Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, p. 365
12. ^ a b Covarrubias Orozco, Sebastián de (1611), Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española, Madrid: Luis Sánchez (Biblioteca Wordkers transcription, CC BY 4.0), p. 264
13. ^ Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 1, 529
14. ^ a b c d e f Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. badil
15. ^ a b Boggs, R. S.; Kasten, Lloyd; Keniston, Hayward; Richardson, H. B. (1946), Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, 2 vols., Chapel Hill, N.C., p. 67
16. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. badil
17. ^ Alemany y Bolufer, José (1917), Diccionario de la lengua española, Barcelona: Ramón Sopena, p. 213
18. ^ a b Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. badil
19. ^ a b Alcalá Venceslada, Antonio (1951), Vocabulario andaluz, Madrid: Real Academia Española, p. 76
20. ^ Alonso Pedraz, Martín (1986), Diccionario medieval español: desde las Glosas Emilianenses y Silenses (s. X) hasta el siglo XV, 2 vols., Salamanca: Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, p. 480
21. ^ Nebrija, Antonio de (1513), Vocabulario español-latino, Salamanca, ed. Marina Vidal Díez (2007), Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, p. 301
22. ^ Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 129