Etymologically

1700s · Modern English

English words first recorded in the 18th century

625 English words whose earliest known written record dates from the 18th century, earliest first (page 11). Words dated only to part of the century follow the ones with a year.

  1. squeaky

    1798

    It is formed from English squeak + -y, from the noun or the verb. Squeak is probably imitative; the OED compares Swedish sqväka (“to croak”).

  2. vandalism

    1798

    It is borrowed from French vandalisme, first used about 1793 by Henri Grégoire, Bishop of Blois, in a report that condemned the plunder and destruction of works of art during the French Revolution…

  3. ad

    1799

    It is a shortening of advertisement.

  4. ammonia

    1799

    It is borrowed from New Latin ammonia, a name coined in 1782 by the Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman for the gas obtained from sal ammoniac. The Latin name of sal ammoniac is sāl ammōniacus (“salt of…

  5. archival

    1799

    It is formed from English archive + -al. Archive is from French archif, now archives, from Late Latin archīvum (“written records”), from Ancient Greek ἀρχεῖον (arkheîon, “town hall, public office…

  6. kilometer

    1799

    It is borrowed from French kilomètre, coined in French in 1795, when the metric system was officially adopted in France, from kilo- (“thousand”) and mètre (“metre”). The prefix is an arbitrary…

  7. mobilization

    1799

    It is borrowed from French mobilisation, from mobiliser (“to mobilize”) and the suffix -ation. The OED records the French noun from 1771, as a legal term for treating property normally held to be…

  8. pelvic

    1799

    It is formed from English pelvis + -ic, which Etymonline and Klein call an irregular formation; Etymonline adds that the OED once preferred the better-formed French pelvien. The OED compares French…

  9. reactionary

    1799

    It is formed from English reaction + -ary, apparently at first after French réactionnaire, which the OED finds as a noun by 1799 and as an adjective by 1794. Merriam-Webster takes the English word…

  10. sassy

    1799

    It is a variant of saucy, originally in American English. That adjective, recorded from 1511 for "impudent", comes from sauce in its figurative sense of something that adds piquancy. The noun sass…

  11. surveillance

    1799

    It is borrowed from French surveillance (“oversight, a watch”), from surveiller (“to oversee, watch”), from sur-, over, and veiller (“to watch”), from Latin vigilāre (“to keep watch”), from vigil…

  12. toxicology

    1799

    It is formed from English toxico- + -logy. The OED compares French toxicologie, which it dates to 1812; Etymonline takes the English word from the French one, also dated 1812, although the OED…

  13. uncompromising

    1799

    It is formed from English un- + compromising, the present participle of the verb compromise. The noun compromise is from Old French compromis, from Latin comprōmissum, the past participle of…

  14. understatement

    1799

    It is formed from English under- + statement, and the OED compares the verb understate.

  15. bureaucratic

    1800

    It is borrowed from French bureaucratique, recorded in French from 1796; the OED treats the English word as formed from bureau and -cratic on the French model. The French adjective joins bureau…

  16. chrome

    1800

    It is borrowed from French chrome, from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”) (see chromatic), because its compounds have brilliant colours. The element was isolated in 1797–8 by the French chemist…

  17. isolation

    1800

    It is a noun of action from isolate, or from French isolation, from isoler, to isolate.

  18. karma

    1800

    It is borrowed from Sanskrit कर्म (karma, “action, work, deed; fate”), the nominative of कर्मन् (karman), from करोति (karoti, “he does, makes”), related to Avestan kərənaoiti (“makes”) and Old…

  19. methodology

    1800

    It is formed from English method + -ology, probably after New Latin methodologia, used in 1727 by J. F. Buddeus. The Oxford Dictionary of English and the Shorter Oxford derive it from that word or…

  20. outsider

    1800

    It is formed from English outside + -er. The OED derives it from the noun outside.

  21. pajamas

    1800

    It is borrowed from Hindi पाजामा (pājāma) or Urdu پاجامہ (pājāma), with the English plural -s as in trousers. The Indian word comes from Persian پاجامه (pā-jāma, “leg clothing”), a compound of پا…

  22. teamwork

    1800

    It is a compound from English team + work, usually spelled with a space or a hyphen in its early senses.

  23. tic

    1800

    It is borrowed from French tic, first known in French as the name of a twitching disease of horses, which Cotgrave (1611) recorded as ticq and tiquet, a disease that suddenly stops a horse's breath…

  24. typhoid

    1800

    It is formed from typhus and the suffix -oid (“like”), from Ancient Greek -οειδής (-oeidḗs, “like”). Typhus is a New Latin adaptation of Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “smoke, vapour; stupor from…

  25. vaccination

    1800

    It is formed from English vaccine + -ation, from the adjective meaning "of or from cows", recorded from 1798, itself from Latin vaccīnus (“of or from a cow”), from vacca (“cow”), a word of uncertain…

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