English words first recorded in the 15th century

It is formed from English ripe + -en. The language already had a verb Middle English rīpen (“to grow ripe”), also written ripe, from Old English rīpian. The adjective is from Old English rīpe…

It is inherited from Middle English sacristie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman sacrestie, also sacristie, and directly borrowed from Medieval Latin sacristia, from sacrista (“sacristan”) and the suffix…

It is inherited from Middle English salyne, probably borrowed from Latin *salīnus, a form found only in the neuter salīnum (“salt cellar”) and the feminine plural salīnae (“salt pits”), from sāl…

It is borrowed from Latin saturātus, the past participle of saturō (“to fill full, sate, drench”), from satur (“sated, full”), from the same base as satis (“enough”), from Proto-Indo-European *sa-…

It is inherited from Middle English seniorite, borrowed from Medieval Latin seniōritās, formed from Latin senior (“older”) and the suffix -itās, the source of -ity. The Latin adjective is the…

It is inherited from Middle English serenite, borrowed from Old French serenité, now sérénité, and directly borrowed from Latin serēnitās (“clearness, serenity”), from serēnus (“clear, fair”), the…

It is formed from English sharp + -en, with the verb-forming suffix that also makes harden and soften; in Middle English it was sharpenen. Middle English already had a shorter verb sharpen, the…

It is of imitative origin, similar to Low German slapp, a blow, and German Schlappe.

It is inherited from Middle English sluggish, also slugissh and sloggish, formed from Middle English slugge (“a lazy person”) + -ish. The OED and the Oxford Dictionary of English derive it from…

1. The word for turf is borrowed from Middle Dutch sode (“turf”) or Middle Low German sode, modern Dutch zode. Both correspond to Old Frisian sātha (“sod”) and West Frisian sead, and the group is of…

It is borrowed from Latin sōlāris (“of the sun”), from sōl “sun”, from Proto-Indo-European *sawel- (“sun”). Latin sōl is cognate with Old Norse sól, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 (sauil), Ancient Greek ἥλιος…

It is inherited from Middle English stacionarie, also stacionarye, borrowed from Latin statiōnārius (“belonging to a detachment of soldiers on guard duty”), from statiō (“a standing, post, station”)…

It is inherited from Middle English sterile, borrowed from Old French stérile (“not producing fruit”) and directly borrowed from Latin sterilis (“barren, unproductive, unfruitful”); Barnhart calls…

It is formed from English stop + -age, first as Middle English stoppage, also stopage, from the verb stoppen. Stop goes back to the Old English verb found in forstoppian (“to stop up, stifle”); many…

It is borrowed from Middle French subséquent and directly borrowed from Latin subsequēns (“following closely”), the present participle of subsequor (“to follow closely, come after”), from sub-…

It is inherited from Middle English superfluous, also superfluus, borrowed from Latin superfluus (“overflowing, unnecessary”), with the English suffix -ous. The Latin adjective is from superfluō…

It is inherited from Middle English temperature (“temperate weather”), borrowed from Latin temperātūra (“a tempering, moderation, due measure”), or French température, from temperātus, the past…

The verb is inherited from Middle English throtelen, probably from English throat + -le. Etymonline suggests that the suffix may be frequentative, as in sparkle, or the one that names a tool, as in…

It is inherited from Middle English tranquill, borrowed from Latin tranquillus (“quiet, calm, still”), perhaps also borrowed from Middle French tranquille, recorded in French from 1470. The…

It is borrowed from Latin tridēns (“three-pronged; a trident”), also borrowed from Old French trident, formed from tri- (“three”) and dēns (“tooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *dent- (“tooth”). The…

It is borrowed from Latin vegetātiō (“act of invigorating”), recorded in Apuleius in the 2nd century, which in medieval Latin also meant the power of growth; the Latin noun is formed on the past…

It is inherited from Middle English vien (“to test in competition”), a shortened form from Middle English envien (“to contend, vie with”), which is from Old French envier (“to invite, challenge; to…

It is formed from English whereabout + -s, the -s being the old genitive ending used adverbially, as in hereabouts and thereabouts. Middle English already had wheraboutes. The base is from Middle…

It is borrowed from Late Latin benefactor, probably under the influence of Middle French bienfacteur, from Latin benefaciō (“to do a service, do good”), which in Classical Latin was always written…

It is borrowed from Latin centēnārius (“of or containing a hundred”), from centēnī (“a hundred each”), from centum (“hundred”), which is related to hundred. The OED notes that post-classical Latin…

It is formed from English counter- + part, after Old French contrepartie, recorded in French from the 13th century. Barnhart and Etymonline treat the English word as a borrowing of the French one…

It is borrowed from Middle French décade, from Late Latin decas, accusative decadem, from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás, “group of ten”), from δέκα (déka) “ten”, from Proto-Indo-European *dekm-…

It is inherited from Middle English infirmarie, borrowed from Medieval Latin īnfirmāria (“a place for the infirm, hospital”), also īnfirmārium, from Latin īnfirmus (“weak, frail”), the source of…

It is inherited from Middle English jaket, borrowed from Middle French jaquet (“short coat with sleeves”), a diminutive of Old French jaque, a kind of tunic, of uncertain origin. It is probably from…

It is inherited from Middle English entertinen, borrowed from Middle French entretenir (“to hold together, maintain”), from entre- (“among, mutually”) and tenir (“to hold”), from Latin inter…

It is Middle English, formed from publishen, publish, and -er.

1. The noun for retention and the retaining fee is probably formed from English retain + -er, with the suffix of law terms taken from Anglo-Norman infinitives used as nouns, as in attainder. The OED…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin dīrēctīvus (“that guides or directs”), frequent from the 12th century, from dīrēctus, the past participle of dīrigō (“to set straight, direct”), with the suffix…

It is partly borrowed from Medieval Latin implēmenta (“equipment”), plural, from medieval Latin impleō, to employ, spend (by association with implicō), and partly borrowed from Late Latin…

It is borrowed from Late Latin involuntārius (“involuntary, unwilling”), formed from in- (“not”) and Latin voluntārius (“willing, of one's free will”), which comes from voluntās (“will”), from volō…

It is inherited from Middle English metaphisicalle, borrowed from Medieval Latin metaphysicālis, partly also formed in English from Middle English metaphisik, metaphysic, and the suffix -al. The…

It is borrowed from Middle French orthodoxe and directly Late Latin orthodoxus, from Ancient Greek ὀρθόδοξος (orthódoxos, “having the right opinion”), from ὀρθός (orthós, “straight, right, true”)…

It is inherited from Middle English prudencial, which the Middle English Dictionary and Etymonline take as borrowed from Medieval Latin prūdentiālis, from Latin prūdentia (“foresight, prudence”)…

It is formed from English reform + -er, perhaps partly after Latin refōrmātor. The OED compares Anglo-Norman reformer (“champion of a cause, one who sets wrongs right”), recorded before 1412, and…

It is inherited from Middle English relinquishen, also relinquisshen, borrowed from Old French relinquiss-, the extended stem of relinquir, a variant of relenquir; compare the English verb suffix…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin respectivus (“having regard for”), perhaps through Middle French respectif, from respectus, the past participle of respicere (“to look back at, have regard for”)…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin supervīsor, an agent noun from supervideō (“to oversee, inspect”) (see supervise).

Its origin is uncertain. It may be borrowed from Middle French tiretaine (“strong coarse fabric, linsey-woolsey”), tertaine, from Old French tiret (“a kind of cloth”), from tire (“silk cloth”), from…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin annexātiō (“the action of annexing”), recorded in British Latin sources from the 13th century for the adding of territory, a noun of action from annexō (“to bind…

It is inherited from Middle English crue (“reinforcement, body of soldiers”), borrowed from Middle French crue (“increase”), from Old French creüe “an increase, recruit, military reinforcement”, the…

It is inherited from Middle English raunger, an agent noun from raungen (“to range”) (see range).

It is formed from English advise + -able. The OED compares the rare Middle French avisable (“appropriate”) (before 1403) and Anglo-Norman aviseablement (“wisely, prudently”) (before 1415); the…

It is inherited from Middle English protecten, from an earlier adjective protecte “defended” (probably before 1425), borrowed from Latin prōtēctus, the past participle of prōtegō (“I cover in front…

1. The verb meaning to narrate is inherited from Middle English recounten, borrowed from Anglo-Norman recunter, a variant of reconter, and directly borrowed from Middle French reconter, from Old…

It is borrowed from Middle Low German stove or Middle Dutch stove, both meaning a heated room; the Middle Dutch word also meant a foot-warmer, and is modern Dutch stoof. stofa, a hot-air bath, is…

It is Middle English, from war and fare, a journey.

It is Scots golf, gouf, probably an alteration borrowed from Middle Dutch colf (“stick, club, bat”), colve, used in the Netherlands for a ball game called kolven; it is related to German Kolben…

It is inherited from Middle English surprise, also supprise, borrowed from Middle French surprise (“a taking unawares”), the noun use of the feminine past participle of surprendre (“to overtake…

It is inherited from Middle English caske, apparently borrowed from Middle French casque (“a cask; a helmet”), from Spanish casco (“skull; wine vat; helmet”), originally a potsherd or broken piece…

It is formed from English brede + -th, on the pattern of length and strength. brede, brede in Middle English, is from Old English brǣdu (“breadth, width”), a noun formed from brād (“broad”), the…

It is borrowed from Middle French compatible, from Medieval Latin compatibilis, from Late Latin compatior, to suffer with, have compassion (see compassion). In Medieval Latin a beneficium…

It is inherited from Middle English desisten, borrowed from Old French desister, recorded in French from 1358 according to the OED, and now désister. Barnhart takes it from Middle French, while the…

It is inherited from Middle English frivolous, spelt fryvolus in its first record, probably borrowed from Latin frīvolus (“silly, empty, trifling, worthless”) with the ending -ous. The Middle…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin incompatibilis, first said of benefices that could not be held together; Merriam-Webster and Barnhart also give borrowed from Middle French incompatible as a…

It is borrowed from Middle French latent (“hidden, not apparent”), recorded in French from 1370–2, and directly borrowed from Latin latēns (“hidden, concealed, secret”), the present participle of…