English words first recorded in the 13th century

It is inherited from Middle English defendour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman defendour, Old French defendeor, an agent noun from defendre (see defend). The Latin word in this sense was defensor.

It is inherited from Middle English despisen, borrowed from Old French despis-, the stem of despire (“to despise”), from Latin dēspiciō (“to look down on, scorn”), from dē- (“down”) and speciō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English diner, borrowed from Old French disner (“breakfast”), the infinitive disner (“to take the first meal of the day”) used as a noun, from Vulgar Latin *disieiuno…

It is inherited from Middle English dismaien, also desmaien and demaien, apparently borrowed from Anglo-Norman *desmaier, also *demaier, a type known only from the past participle dismayé in…

It is inherited from Middle English distaunce, borrowed from Old French destance (“discord, quarrel”), with later senses taken directly from Latin distantia (“a standing apart”), from distāns…

It is inherited from Middle English destourbaunce, also disturbaunce, borrowed from Old French destorbance, also destourbance, formed from destorber (“to disturb”), also destourber, with -ance. The…

It is a variant of divers, Middle English divers, borrowed from Old French divers and directly dīversus (“turned different ways”), the past participle of dīvertere (“to turn aside”) (see divert)…

It is inherited from Middle English duete or dewte, borrowed from Anglo-Norman dueté (“what is due”), from Old French deü (“due, owed”), from Vulgar Latin *dēbūtus, from Latin dēbitus, past…

The earliest form is inherited from Middle English edit, borrowed from Old French edit, from the Latin noun below. The spelling edict, at first edycte, restored the Latin form in the late 15th…

It is inherited from Middle English empire, borrowed from Old French empire (“rule, authority, kingdom”), earlier emperie, from Latin imperium (“command, authority, supreme power, dominion”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English encountren, borrowed from Old French encontrer (“to meet; to confront”), with the noun from encontre (“meeting; fight”), the noun use of the preposition encontre…

It is inherited from Middle English feinen, also feignen, borrowed from Old French feindre (“to shape; to pretend”), from its present stem feign-, from Latin fingō (“to touch, shape, form, invent”)…

It is inherited from Middle English feloun, borrowed from Old French felon (“evil-doer, traitor, rebel; wicked”), the oblique case of fel (“evil”) (see fell “fierce”), from Medieval Latin fellō…

It is inherited from Middle English forest, borrowed from Old French forest (“forest, wood, woodland”) (modern French forêt), probably ultimately from Late or Medieval Latin forestem silvam “the…

It is inherited from Middle English geant, geaunt, giaunt, borrowed from Old French geant (“giant, ogre”), earlier jaiant (modern French géant), from Vulgar Latin *gagās (accusative *gagantem), a…

It is inherited from Middle English incarnacioun, also incarnacion, borrowed from Old French incarnacion, in Anglo-Norman incarnaciun, recorded from 1113–19, from Late Latin incarnātiō (“the act of…

It is inherited from Middle English joinen, borrowed from Old French joindre (“to join, connect, unite”) (stem joign-, join-), from Latin iungō (“to join together, unite, yoke”), from a nasalized…

1. The verb meaning to form grain is inherited from Middle English kirnen, also kerne and curne, apparently inherited from Old English *cyrnan, a verb not recorded and formed from corn, the source…

It is inherited from Middle English levour, also levere and lever, borrowed from Anglo-Norman lever (“crowbar”), also leveor and levier, from Old French leveor or levier, agent nouns from lever (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English mariage, borrowed from Old French mariage (“marriage, dowry”), from marier (“to marry”), the source of marry; Etymonline derives the noun from Vulgar Latin…

1. The verb is inherited from Middle English marien, borrowed from Old French marier (“to marry, give in marriage”), from Latin marītō (“to wed, give in marriage”), from marītus (“married…

It is inherited from Middle English mer, mair, maire, borrowed from Old French maire (“head of a city or town government”), originally an adjective, “greater, superior”, from Latin maior…

It is inherited from Middle English membre, borrowed from Old French membre (“part, portion; limb; member”), from Latin membrum (“limb, member of the body, part”), from earlier *mēmsrom. Etymonline…

It is inherited from Middle English marchaundise, borrowed from Anglo-Norman marchaundise and Old French marcheandise (“goods, trade, business”), from marcheant (“merchant”) (see merchant) and a…

It is inherited from Middle English message, borrowed from Old French message (“message, news, tidings, embassy”), from Medieval Latin missāticum, from Latin missus (“a sending”), the past…

It is inherited from Middle English menour, from Old French menor, menour “less, smaller; underage, younger”, and directly borrowed from Latin minor (“less, lesser, smaller, junior; inferior”)…

The noun is inherited from Middle English noumbre, nombre, borrowed from Anglo-Norman noumbre, numbre, Old French nombre, and directly from Latin numerus (“a number, quantity”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English obligacioun, borrowed from Old French obligacion (“obligation, duty, responsibility”) and directly from Latin obligātiō, obligātiōnem, an engaging or pledging…

It is inherited from Middle English philosofie, borrowed from Old French filosofie and directly from Latin philosophia, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía, “love of knowledge, pursuit of…

It is inherited from Middle English percen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman perser and Old French percier (“to pierce, transfix”) (modern French percer), probably from Vulgar Latin *pertūsiō, from Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English purchasen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman purchaser (“to go after”), Old French porchacier, pourchacier “to seek to obtain, procure; pursue eagerly”, from pur-…

It is borrowed from Old French rebelle (“stubborn, rebellious”) and directly Latin rebellis (“insurgent, rebellious”), from rebellō, to wage war again, revolt, from re-, again or against, and bellō…

It is inherited from Middle English reine, also rene, borrowed from Anglo-Norman reine, also reisne, borrowed from Old French resne, also rene, now French rêne, probably from Vulgar Latin *retina…

It is inherited from Middle English restoren, borrowed from Old French restorer (modern French restaurer), from Latin restaurāre (“to repair, rebuild, renew”), from re- (“back, again”) and…

1. The adjective is borrowed from Old French sage (“wise, knowledgeable”), from a Gallo-Romance alteration of Vulgar Latin *sapius, from Latin sapiō (“to have taste, be wise”). Klein and the OED…

It is inherited from Middle English scabard, earlier scauberc, scaubert, borrowed from Anglo-Norman *escauberc, recorded in the plural escaubers, of Germanic origin, probably a compound meaning…

The adjective is inherited from Middle English secunde, secound, borrowed from Old French second (“second”), secont, and directly from Latin secundus (“following, next in order; favourable”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English shetere, shoter, inherited from Old English scēotere, an agent noun from shoot.

It is inherited from Middle English shoppe, ssope, perhaps inherited from Old English sceoppa (“booth, shed”), scoppa, a rare word, related to scypen (“cowshed”), from Proto-Germanic *skoppan…

It is inherited from Middle English sir, a reduced form of sire, used at first only in an unstressed position before a name. Sire is from Latin senior (“older, older man”). Etymonline notes that it…

It is Middle English sterling, probably from an unrecorded Old English *steorling, from steorra, star, and -ling, because some early Norman pennies bore a small star. The word was known earlier on…

1. The blow is Middle English strok, probably from an unrecorded inherited from Old English *strāc, from Proto-Germanic *straikaz, cognate with Middle Low German streke (“blow”) and German Streich…

It is inherited from Middle English sturdi, also stourdi and stordi, a shortening borrowed from Old French estourdi (“stunned, dazed, reckless, violent”), also estordi and esturdi, now étourdi…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman successor, Old French successour, successor, heir (12th century), from Latin successor (“follower, successor”), an agent noun from the past participle of succēdō, to…

It is inherited from Middle English siute, also sute, seute, borrowed from Anglo-Norman siwte, from Old French sieute, suite “pursuit, act of following, hunt; retinue”, from Vulgar Latin *sequita…

It is inherited from Middle English tente, borrowed from Old French tente (“tent, hanging, tapestry”), from Medieval Latin tenta, literally something stretched out, the noun use of the feminine of…

1. The trumpet is inherited from Middle English trompe, borrowed from Old French trompe (“long tube-like wind instrument”), probably from a Germanic source, Frankish *trumpa, compare Old High German…

It is formed from English un- + armed, with the prefix meaning "not". Etymonline allows that it may instead be the past participle of the verb unarm, to strip of armour (about 1300), and the Middle…

It is formed from English un- + used, the past participle of the verb use. Dictionary.com dates it to 1250–1300 in Middle English.

The noun is formed from English up- + take, from the verb uptake, to understand, which is Scottish of the 18th century, or, according to Etymonline, from the verbal phrase take up. The OED compares…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman usage, Old French usage, custom, habit, experience, from us (“use”), from Latin ūsus (“use, custom”) (see use), and -age.

It is inherited from Middle English valei, borrowed from Anglo-Norman valey, Old French valee, earlier vallede, from Vulgar Latin *vallāta, from Latin vallis (“valley”) or vallēs, a word of unknown…

It is inherited from Middle English vengeaunce, also veniaunce, borrowed from Anglo-Norman vengeaunce, also veniaunce, a variant of Old French vengeance (“revenge, retribution”), from vengier (“to…

It is an alteration of Middle English verdit, borrowed from Anglo-Norman verdit (“sworn testimony, judgment”) (Old French voirdit), literally a true saying, from ver, veir, true (from Latin vērum)…

1. The fault is inherited from Middle English vice, borrowed from Old French vice (“fault, failing, defect, misdemeanour”), from Latin vitium (“defect, offence, blemish”), in both physical and moral…

It is inherited from Middle English viage, borrowed from Old French veiage (“travel, journey”) (also voiage, vayage), from Late Latin viāticum (“a journey”), in classical Latin provisions or money…

It is inherited from Middle English weiven, borrowed from Anglo-Norman weyver (“to abandon, waive”), a dialect variant of Old French gaiver, also guesver, to let something become a waif, to abandon…

It is inherited from Middle English werreyoure, borrowed from Old French werreieor (“a warrior, one who wages war”) (Old North French; central Old French guerreieor), from werreier (“to wage war”)…

It is a compound from English wood + work.

Its probable source is from English the place name Hackney, formerly a village in Middlesex and now a borough of London, recorded as “Hakeneia” in 1198, from Old English Hacan īeg (“Haca's island”)…