precedence

Pronunciation

• /ˈpɹɛsɪd(ə)ns/, /pɹɪˈsiːd(ə)ns/^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from English precedent + -ence,^[2][3][4][5] probably partly after Middle French précédence (“priority, pre-eminence”), recorded from 1532.^[6] Etymonline also allows a borrowing of Medieval Latin praecedentia.^[2] The OED suggests that the earliest uses, in 1484 and 1541, may be an error for the plural of the noun precedent, which gave rise to its use as a count noun in the obsolete senses.^[6] The adjective precedent is from Middle French precedent (“earlier in time”) and Latin praecēdēns, the present participle of praecēdō (“to go before”),^[6][2] the source of precede.^[2] The OED compares Spanish precedencia and Italian precedenza (“pre-eminence”).^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

A precedent, or a previous occurrence: 1484, in a letter collected in Gairdner's Letters of the reigns of Richard III and Henry VII,^[6] a sense the OED and the Shorter Oxford record until the mid 16th century.^[6][3] Etymonline dates the word to the late 15th century, and Dictionary.com to 1475–85.^[2][5]

Semantic evolution

The first senses, a precedent and something said or done before (in Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost, 1598), died out by the early 17th century.^[6][3] The lasting senses came in the late 16th century: being ahead of others in order, rank or importance (1587), and especially the right to go before others in ceremonies and social formalities (1598).^[6][2] Merriam-Webster dates its own sense of ceremonial priority to 1587.^[7] Priority in time followed in 1605.^[6] The phrase take precedence, followed by over or, in older use, of, became frequent.^[3][6] In parliamentary law, precedence is also the ranked order that decides whether a motion is in order.^[8] The variant precedency is recorded from the late 16th century.^[3]

Timeline

• 1484 – a precedent; previous occurrence (obsolete by the mid 16th century).^[6][3]
• before 1513 – the fact of serving as a precedent (obsolete, rare).^[6]
• 1587 – superiority in order, rank or importance; pre-eminence.^[6][7]
• 1598 – something said or done before, an antecedent (obsolete by 1616), in Shakespeare.^[6]
• 1598 – the right of preceding others in ceremonies and social formalities.^[6]
• 1605 – priority in time; previous existence.^[6]

Meanings

Noun

1. The condition of being considered more important than something else; priority: Safety takes precedence over speed.^[9][3][6]
2. The order of rank observed on ceremonial or formal occasions: The guests were seated in order of precedence.^[9][7][8]
3. The right to go before others in a ceremony or procession, or to be honoured first.^[7][6]
4. The fact of coming earlier in time; priority in time.^[7][6]
5. (parliamentary law) The ranked order that decides whether a motion is in order while another is pending.^[8]
6. (obsolete) Something said or done before; an antecedent.^[7][6][3]

Related words

• precede
• precedent
• precedency
• preceding
• antecedent

References

1. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
3. ^ a b c d e f g h Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles (2002), 5th ed., ed. William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, Oxford: Oxford University Press
4. ^ Klein, Ernest. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1966–1967.
5. ^ a b Dictionary.com Unabridged (2016), based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, New York: Random House
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Oxford English Dictionary Online (accessed March 2026), Oxford: Oxford University Press
7. ^ a b c d e f Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary (2024), online ed., Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster
8. ^ a b c Garner, Bryan A., ed. (2004), Black's Law Dictionary, 8th ed., St. Paul, Minn.: Thomson West
9. ^ a b Collins English Dictionary (2023), Glasgow: HarperCollins