Etymologically
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hinaus

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Pronunciation

  • /hɪˈnaʊ̯s/[1]

Forms

hinaus[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Middle High German hin ūz, inherited from Old High German hina ūz, a compound from Old High German hina (“away, thither”) + ūz (“out”), that is hin and aus.[2][3][4] Middle High German also had the reverse order ūz hin, continued in older New High German aushin.[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Old High German hina ūz “out” is recorded once, in Otfrid's Gospel book (863–871).[4][5]

Semantic evolution

The word marks movement out of an enclosed place towards a point away from the speaker; it took over much of the work of the simple adverb aus, so that modern German says hinaus! where Middle High German said ūz.[3][6] In speech it was often reduced to enaus or naus, a form found in Ayrer, Christian Weise and Bürger.[3] It is used in time (auf Jahre hinaus) and in the sense “in addition” (über … hinaus).[6] Separable verbs with it developed transferred senses: hinausgehen “to end” in Early New High German, über etwas hinausgehen “to exceed”, and hoch hinauswollen “to aim high” in the 17th century.[6]

Timeline

  • 863–871 – Otfrid uses hina ūz.[4]
  • Early New High German – hinausgehen is used in the transferred sense “to end”.[6]
  • 17th century – hoch hinauswollen “to aim high” is recorded.[6]

Meanings

Adverb

  1. out, away from the speaker, from a narrower space into a wider one, especially outside: Hinaus mit euch in den Garten![2][1]
  2. With auf: for a long time ahead: auf Wochen hinaus ausgebucht.[2][7]
  3. With über: beyond, further than, in space, time or degree: über die Grenze hinaus.[2]

Word family

  • hinausgehen
  • hinauslaufen
  • hinauswollen

Usage notes

Über etwas hinaus sein is to have got over something, and darüber hinaus means “moreover”.[2] Zum Fenster hinaus reden is to talk in vain.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Duden. Das große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache in zehn Bänden (1999), 3rd ed., Mannheim: Dudenverlag
  3. ^ a b c d Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm (1854–1961), Deutsches Wörterbuch, 16 vols. in 32, Leipzig: Hirzel; digital: Wörterbuchnetz, Trier Center for Digital Humanities, p. 10, 1390
  4. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 6th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling
  5. ^ Schützeichel, Rudolf (2012), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 7th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter, p. 153
  6. ^ a b c d e f Paul, Hermann (2002), Deutsches Wörterbuch: Bedeutungsgeschichte und Aufbau unseres Wortschatzes, 10th ed., ed. Helmut Henne, Heidrun Kämper and Georg Objartel, Tübingen: Niemeyer
  7. ^ Wiktionary, das freie Wörterbuch (German Wiktionary), de.wiktionary.org