hinaus German · revision 35868

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=863–871, Otfrid}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /hɪˈnaʊ̯s/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hinaus'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|hinūz|alt=hin ūz]], [[inh|goh|hinaūz|alt=hina ūz]], a compound [[af|goh|hina|ūz|t1=away, thither|t2=out]], that is [[hin]] and [[aus]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB|10, 1390)^(Köbler AHD) Middle High German also had the reverse order [[m|gmh|ūz hin]], continued in older New High German [[aushin]].^(DWB|10, 1390)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''hina ūz'' “out” is recorded once, in Otfrid's Gospel book (863–871).^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|153)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word marks movement out of an enclosed place towards a point away from the speaker; it took over much of the work of the simple adverb [[aus]], so that modern German says ''hinaus!'' where Middle High German said ''ūz''.^(DWB|10, 1390)^(Paul 2002) In speech it was often reduced to ''enaus'' or ''naus'', a form found in Ayrer, Christian Weise and Bürger.^(DWB|10, 1390) It is used in time (''auf Jahre hinaus'') and in the sense “in addition” (''über … hinaus'').^(Paul 2002) Separable verbs with it developed transferred senses: ''hinausgehen'' “to end” in Early New High German, ''über etwas hinausgehen'' “to exceed”, and ''hoch hinauswollen'' “to aim high” in the 17th century.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 863–871 – Otfrid uses ''hina ūz''.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * Early New High German – ''hinausgehen'' is used in the transferred sense “to end”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 17th century – ''hoch hinauswollen'' “to aim high” is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|out]], away from the speaker, from a narrower space into a wider one, especially outside: ''Hinaus mit euch in den Garten!''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With ''auf'': for a long time ahead: ''auf Wochen hinaus ausgebucht''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # With ''über'': [[m|en|beyond]], further than, in space, time or degree: ''über die Grenze hinaus''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hinausgehen]]

+ * [[hinauslaufen]]

+ * [[hinauswollen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[heraus]]

+ * [[hin]]

+ * [[aus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Über etwas hinaus sein'' is to have got over something, and ''darüber hinaus'' means “moreover”.^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''Zum Fenster hinaus reden'' is to talk in vain.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}