Etymologically
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сьде

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Forms

сьде (sĭde)[1] The Codex Marianus usually writes съде, as do some readings of the Codex Assemanianus and the Savvina kniga, and the Codex Suprasliensis also has сде.[2] Later manuscripts have сьдѣ, здѣ and зде.[3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Slavic *sьde (“here”), formed from the pronoun Proto-Slavic *sь (“this”) in the same way as къде “where” from the interrogative stem of къто.[5][1] Wiktionary analyses the ending as the locative suffix Proto-Indo-European *-dʰe.[1] The same word is Old East Slavic сьде (sĭde), Czech zde and Slovene zdè.[5][1] In some dialects the ending changed its vowel under the influence of the locative case ending, and in Russian здесь (zdesʹ) the adverb was strengthened with a particle meaning “behold”.[5]

The pronoun *sь goes back to Proto-Balto-Slavic *śis and *ḱís, and is the same word as Lithuanian šìs (“this”).[1][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the oldest Gospel manuscripts сьде renders Ancient Greek ὧδε (hôde, “here”), as in Gethsemane, сѧдѣте сьде • доньдеже шьдъ помол҄ѭ сѧ “sit here while I go and pray” (Mc 14, 32 Zogr Mar).[2] It also translates Ancient Greek ἐνθάδε (entháde) and Ancient Greek ἐνταῦθα (entaûtha).[3][2]

Semantic evolution

Besides “here”, the canonical texts use it after verbs of motion for “hither”, and до сьде for “as far as here” (L 23, 5).[3][2] In pairs such as сьде … овъде and сьде … тамо it means “here … there”, and the Gospels' се сьде христосъ ли сьде (Mt 24, 23) uses it twice for places away from the speaker.[3] In the Codex Suprasliensis and the Euchologium it can also mean “now” or “from now on”, and in the Besědy (Bes) it is a conjunction, “hence, therefore”, for Latin hinc.[3]

Vasmer derives Russian здесь from the same adverb, and notes the Church Slavonic adjective сьдешьнъ “of this place”.[5]

Timeline

  • End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – the Euchologium Sinaiticum uses сьде for ἐνταῦθα.[7]
  • 14th century – the Serbian Athonite translation of Gregory of Nyssa has it for ἐνταῦθα and ἐντεῦθεν.[7]

Meanings

Adverb

  1. here, in this place; for ὧδε, ἐνθάδε, ἐνταῦθα.[3][2][1]
  2. hither, to this place (after verbs of motion); до сьде as far as here.[3][2]
  3. now, at present, from now on; for ἐνταῦθα, ἐντεῦθεν.[3]
  4. In this matter, at the same time; for ἐν τούτῳ.[3]

Conjunction

  1. hence, therefore; for Latin hinc.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
  4. ^ Miklosich, Franz (1862–1865), Lexicon palaeoslovenico-graeco-latinum emendatum auctum, Vindobonae: Braumüller
  5. ^ a b c d Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 2, 89–90
  6. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 484
  7. ^ a b SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de