стати

Forms

стати (stati) pf^[1] Present станѫ, станеши.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Slavic *stati (“to stand, become”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).^[1][4][3] The same word is Russian стать (statʹ), Bulgarian стана (stána), Serbo-Croatian stȁti, Slovene státi, Czech stát and Polish stać.^[4][3][5]

ESJS takes the infinitive from the aorist root, like Lithuanian stóti (“to stand”), Latvian stât (“to stand”) and Old Prussian postāt (“to become”).^[4][3] Further cognates are Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to place”) and Latin stō (“to stand”).^[3][5][6] The present with a nasal suffix is formed differently in each language.^[4] ESJS compares it with Old Prussian postānai (“becomes”) and Latin dēstinō (“to fix, determine”).^[4][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Gospels it renders the intransitive forms of Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), as when Jesus tells the man with the withered hand въстани • ꙇ стани по срѣдѣ “get up and stand in the middle” (L 6, 8, Zographensis, Marianus and Assemanianus).^[8][2]

Semantic evolution

The SJS gives three main senses.^[8] The first is “to stand, take one's place”, also “to stand up”, “to appear” (of the angel, L 2, 9), “to stand up for someone” and “to stay”.^[8] The second is “to stop”, as the flow of blood stopped (L 8, 44), and “to cease”.^[8] The third is “to become”, as in повелѣ боурі и ста въ хладъ “he commanded the storm, and it became a breeze” (Ps 106, 29).^[8] Miklosich records later Church Slavonic uses where it forms a future or stands for “to be”.^[9] Vasmer cites the Suprasliensis for both ἵστασθαι and γίγνεσθαι.^[5]

Timeline

• End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – it renders ἱστάναι in the Euchologium Sinaiticum.^[10]
• Up to the beginning of the 15th century – a Serbian translation kept in the Rila monastery uses it for ἵστημι.^[10]

Meanings

Verb

1. To stand, to take one's stand; for ἵστασθαι.^[8][2][1]
2. To stand up, to appear; for ἀνίστασθαι, ἐφίστασθαι.^[8]
3. To stay, remain.^[8]
4. To stop, to cease.^[8]
5. To become.^[8][1]

Word family

• въстати
• достати
• настати
• пристати
• прѣдъстати
• прѣстати
• оустати
• недостатъковати
• недостатъкъ
• остати
• остатъчьнъ
• остатъкъ
• настаꙗти
• остаꙗти
• прѣстаꙗти

Related words

• стаꙗти
• стоꙗти
• станъ
• ставити
• стадо

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
3. ^ a b c d e Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 465
4. ^ a b c d e Havlová, Eva; Erhart, Adolf; Janyšková, Ilona (eds.) (1989–2022), Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského, 21 fascicles, Praha: Academia / Brno: Tribun EU
5. ^ a b c Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 3, 748
6. ^ Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 308
7. ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 3, 745
8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
9. ^ Miklosich, Franz (1862–1865), Lexicon palaeoslovenico-graeco-latinum emendatum auctum, Vindobonae: Braumüller
10. ^ a b SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de