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ti

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ti1 for

Forms

ti (preposition)[1]

  • Before a word beginning with a it becomes te, as in te-aţeă “for that”.[2]
  • Other spellings and variants: TI in Papahagi's dictionary, which also heads TĂ with the same sense and refers both to tră;[3][4] ti in Dalametra's dictionary, referred there to tri;[5] in Weigand's texts ti stands beside tri and tro.[6]

Etymology

The preposition ti “for” is a reduced form of trã: Cunia refers ti to trã,[1] and Papahagi's dictionary refers it to tã and to the same preposition.[3]

The fuller trã is inherited from Latin inter (“between, among”) according to Pascu,[7] and Ciorănescu derives the Aromanian preposition from the same Latin word, together with Romanian între, Megleno-Romanian antri and Istro-Romanian ăntre.[8] Papahagi's dictionary instead derives trã from intrā (“within”),[9] and Wiktionary from trāns (“across”).[10] In the west the Latin preposition gave French entre, Spanish entre and Portuguese entre.[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

The oldest dictionary record is Weigand's glossary of 1894, which gives ti as “for, to”, as in ti paradz “for money” and ti a beare “to drink”.[6]

Semantic evolution

Papahagi's dictionary gives the senses “for”, “to” and “towards”.[3] P. Papahagi's glossary to his tales adds “up to”, of time, in pînă ti Sum K'etru “until Saint Peter's day”, and ti leamne “for firewood”.[2] Vrabie's English–Aromanian dictionary also uses it for “because of”.[12]

Timeline

  • 1894 – ti “for, to” in Weigand's glossary.[6]
  • 1905 – Ti “for, to” in P. Papahagi's glossary to his tales, with te before a.[2]
  • 1906 – ti as a form of tri in Dalametra's dictionary.[5]

Meanings

Preposition

  1. for; for the purpose of.[3][6][2]
  2. To, towards; at (a time); up to.[3][2]
  3. Out of, because of.[12]

ti2 you

Forms

ti (unstressed accusative of the pronoun tini)[1][13]

  • Cunia gives it as the short form of tini, also written -ti and ti- when joined to another word.[13]
  • Other spellings: te in Boiagi's grammar and other older sources, ti in Dalametra and Mihăileanu, as Pascu lists them.[14]

Etymology

The pronoun ti “you” is inherited from Latin tē (“you”), the accusative of tū (“you”): Pascu files the accusative forms under the Latin pronoun and derives them from tē, beside the stressed tini from *tēne.[14] Papahagi's dictionary treats the unstressed accusative under the stressed pronoun and derives that from the same Latin form.[15] De Vaan traces the Latin accusative to Proto-Italic *tē, from Proto-Indo-European *tue.[16]

Istro-Romanian has the same accusative, te.[17]

Earliest recorded meaning

The oldest record Pascu cites is the form te in Boiagi's grammar of 1813.[14]

Semantic evolution

It is the direct object form of the second person singular: Dalametra glosses it with the Romanian accusative te, as in va ti bat “I will beat you”,[5] and Mihăileanu records ti pălăcărsii “I begged you”.[18]

Timeline

  • 1813 – te in Boiagi's grammar, as cited by Pascu.[14]
  • 1901 – ti in Mihăileanu's dictionary.[18]
  • 1906 – ti “you” in Dalametra's dictionary.[5]

Meanings

Pronoun

  1. you (second person singular, unstressed accusative).[13][14][5]

Usage notes

Papahagi's dictionary heads the unstressed dative tsi “to you” separately and derives it from Latin tibi;[19] Pascu also derives the dative forms from tibi.[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 1009
  2. ^ a b c d e Papahagi, Pericle (1905), Basme aromâne și glosar, București: Academia Română, p. 712
  3. ^ a b c d e Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 1177
  4. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 1168
  5. ^ a b c d e Dalametra, I. (1906), Dicționar macedo-român, București: Academia Română, p. 203
  6. ^ a b c d Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 332
  7. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 171
  8. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
  9. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 1189
  10. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  11. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
  12. ^ a b Vrabie, Emil (2000), An English-Aromanian (Macedo-Romanian) Dictionary, University, Mississippi: Romance Monographs, p. 500
  13. ^ a b c Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 1015
  14. ^ a b c d e f Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 173
  15. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 1181
  16. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  17. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
  18. ^ a b Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 501
  19. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1074