dit
Forms
dit[1]
- The short form stands beside the fuller ditru and ditu are used with the same sense.[2][1][3]
- Other spellings: ditru in Cunia's dictionary, which refers it to dit;[2] DÍ-TRU in Papahagi's dictionary;[4] ditru in Dalametra's dictionary;[5] ditu and ditru in Mihăileanu's dictionary;[6] dit, ditu and ditru in Weigand's glossary;[3] Dit and Ditru in the glossary to P. Papahagi's folk tales.[7]
- Pascu files the word as Ditru, with ditu in Nikolaidis, P. Papahagi, Mihăileanu and Obedenaru, dintru in Nikolaidis and detru in a work of P. Papahagi.[8]
- Wiktionary lists ditu, ditru and din as alternative forms.[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin deintro (“from within”),[8][4][9] a compound of dē (“from, down from”) and intrō (“inside, within”).[4][8] Papahagi derives the short form through the stages di tu and di tru, that is, the preposition di (“of, from”) joined to ntru (“in”).[10][4] Wiktionary instead gives the second part as inter (“between”).[1]
The compound is shared with the other Eastern Romance languages: Romanian dintru, Megleno-Romanian dintru (“for, because of”) and Istro-Romanian dintru (“out of”).[9][11][12] Further west, Italian dentro, Spanish dentro and Portuguese dentro continue the same Latin compound.[8][9] The Latin adverb alone survives in Romanian întru and Italian entro.[13]
Earliest recorded meaning
The oldest dated record in the sources is Weigand's glossary of 1894, which gives dit, ditu and ditru with the German sense "out of".[3]
Semantic evolution
The word marks the place from which something comes, is taken or begins, and so translates "from" and "out of".[2][10][1] Mihăileanu gives ascăpă ditu căfase ("it escaped from the cage") and the phrase nu ti esu ditu sboru ("I do not go out of your word", that is, I obey you),[6] which Cunia also records as nu lj-es dit zbor.[2] Papahagi quotes the riddle Ióclu tut lu-alágă și dit loc nu s' mină ("it roams the whole earth and does not move from its place"), whose answer is the mind.[10]
Timeline
- 1894 – dit, ditu, ditru “out of” in Weigand's glossary.[3]
- 1901 – ditu and ditru “from” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.[6]
- 1906 – ditru in Dalametra's dictionary.[5]
- 1925 – Pascu derives Ditru from Latin de intro.[8]
Meanings
Preposition
Related words
- Romanian din
- Romanian dintru
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 407
- ^ a b c d Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 300
- ^ a b c d Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 404
- ^ a b Dalametra, I. (1906), Dicționar macedo-român, București: Academia Română, p. 83
- ^ a b c Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 171
- ^ Papahagi, Pericle (1905), Basme aromâne și glosar, București: Academia Română, p. 583
- ^ a b c d e Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 173
- ^ a b c Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
- ^ a b c d Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 490
- ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 110
- ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter