trupă

Forms

trupă f (plural trupe)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French troupe, borrowed in the early 19th century, as DER, DEX, MDA2, DLR, Tiktin and the neologism dictionaries all say.^{[2][3][4][5][6][7]} The French word is a back-formation from troupeau (“herd, flock”).^[1][8] The derivative trupete “private soldier” is a Romanian formation, while trupier is troupier.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is of 1814.^[6] MDA2 dates it from Stamati's dictionary of technical and difficult words of 1851, where the sense is a group of people.^[4][5]

Semantic evolution

The oldest sense is broad: a group or band of people, and also a swarm of insects or a herd of animals, as in Alexandrescu's „zburdalnicele lor trupe” “their frolicking troops” of butterflies.^[5] The military sense, the body of soldiers and in the plural the armed forces, and the theatre sense, a company of actors, became the main ones.^[3][5] Golescu still used a plural trupuri, now obsolete.^[6] Copil de trupă was a boy of 13–14 kept in barracks to learn military music.^[9]

Timeline

• 1814 – the first record Tiktin dates.^[6]
• 1851 – in Stamati's dictionary.^[4]
• 1866 – trupelor “to the troops” in a commander's message printed in the Uricariul.^[5]

Meanings

Noun

1. The soldiers doing their military service, taken together; in the plural, the armed forces of a country, a region or an arm: trupele au trecut granița “the troops crossed the border”.^[3][4]
2. A permanent company of actors of a theatre or a circus; a troupe.^[3][7]
3. A music band.^[1]
4. (dated) A group of people; also a swarm or herd of animals.^[4][5]

Word family

• trupete

Related words

• French troupe

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. trupă
3. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1151
4. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1292
5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. trupă
6. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. trupă
7. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. trupă
8. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
9. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1352