tehnologie

Forms

tehnologie f (plural tehnologii)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French technologie according to DEX 2009, Marcu and Wiktionary.^[2][3][1] MDA2 and the DLR add Modern Greek τεχνολογία (technología) and German Technologie as sources, and Marcu and Maneca name English technology beside the French word.^[4][5][6] Scriban derives it from Ancient Greek τεχνολογία (tekhnología), and Marcu and Maneca compare τέχνη (tékhnē, “art”) and λόγος (lógos, “study”).^[7][6]

The old variants tehnologhie and tihnologhie keep the Greek pronunciation; the DLR cites Gáldi's study of the Phanariote Greek element for them.^[5][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2's first record is I. Golescu's manuscript dictionary, the Condica limbii rumânești of about 1832, which the DLR cites too.^[4][5]

Semantic evolution

The first sense was the science of the processes and means of working materials; the DLR quotes chemistry applied “to agronomy and technology” from 1861.^[5] The concrete sense, the set of processes used to make a product, is quoted from the press of the 1960s.^[5] Negruzzi used it for a technique of one's own.^[5] Costinescu and Șăineanu record two old senses, the technical terms of a trade or science, and, in grammar, grammatical analysis.^[5] Scriban also gives “morphology” as an old grammatical sense.^[7]

Timeline

• c. 1832 – in I. Golescu's Condica, the first record.^[4][5]
• 1861 – the science of processing materials.^[5]
• 1960 – modern production processes, in the press.^[5]

Meanings

Noun

1. The science of the methods and means of processing materials.^[2][4]
2. The set of processes, methods and operations used to obtain a product; a technology.^[2][4]
3. (rare) technique.^[6][5]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1112
3. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. tehnologie
4. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1190
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. tehnologie
6. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. tehnologie
7. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1306