raid

Forms

raid n (plural raiduri)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French raid, with English raid as a second model: DEX and DILF name French alone, while MDA2, the DLR and the dictionaries of neologisms name both languages.^{[2][3][4][5][6][7]} The French word was itself borrowed from English in 1864.^[8][1] The English word is the Scots form of Old English rād (“riding, road”), the word that became road; its sense was “a ride”, and then “a mounted incursion to plunder”.^[8][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record cited by MDA2 and the DLR is in Hortopan's undated Enciclopedia veterinară, in the sense of a cavalry incursion into enemy territory.^[4][5]

Semantic evolution

The first sense was military: a raid of cavalry into enemy land, which the DLRLC already marks as dated.^[5][9] With the air wars the word came to mean above all a quick incursion of aircraft or ships into a foreign country's space;^[5][2] Sadoveanu wrote of raids of aeroplanes.^[5][2] It also names a flight or voyage over a planned route for reconnaissance or research, and an aircraft's long flight.^[2][6] Jocular use made it a quick tour of a place.^[5][4] In the socialist press the compound raid-anchetă named a reporter's inquiry carried out in several factories or towns.^[10][2] Drug slang uses the word for the extreme exhaustion of an addict after heroin or hashish.^[11]

Timeline

• 1955–1957 – the DLRLC defines the word as an incursion of enemy aircraft and marks the cavalry sense as dated.^[9]
• 1961 – a jocular “raid” through a new house, in the magazine Tribuna.^[5]
• 1967 – raid-anchetă in Scînteia.^[10]

Meanings

Noun

1. A quick incursion of aircraft or ships into the space of a foreign country, for military ends.^[2][3]
2. A journey of aircraft or ships over a set route, for reconnaissance or research; formerly also a cavalry incursion into enemy land.^[2][9]
3. raid-anchetă: a press inquiry carried out in several enterprises or places.^[2][10]
4. (jocular) A quick tour of a place.^[5][4]
5. (slang) The extreme exhaustion of a drug addict after taking heroin or hashish.^[11]

Related words

• French raid

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 910
3. ^ a b Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria
4. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 621
5. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. raid
6. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
7. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
8. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
9. ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne
10. ^ a b c Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE)
11. ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu