ploios

Forms

ploios m or n (feminine singular ploioasă, masculine plural ploioși, feminine/neuter plural ploioase)^[1] Older texts also have ploos: „Primăvara… va fi plooasă” “the spring will be rainy” (calendar of 1811).^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian ploaie (“rain”) + -os.^[2][4][5][1] Scriban compares Latin pluviōsus (“rainy”), and Cihac took it from that word.^[6][7] Candrea and Densusianu reconstruct an inherited Vulgar Latin *plojosus for the Latin adjective, and list Aromanian pluios and Megleno-Romanian pluiros.^[8] Pascu also takes the Aromanian adjective from the Latin one.^[9] Wiktionary compares Italian piovoso, Catalan plujós and French pluvieux.^[1] The noun continues Latin pluvia (“rain”).^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is a Paraclis printed in 1639: „Vara va fi ploioasă” “the summer will be rainy”.^[2][3][4]

Semantic evolution

The adjective is used above all of weather, years, seasons and days with much rain.^[4][2] MDA2 also has “of rain”, “bringing rain”, as in nor ploios “a rain cloud” in the Cantacuzino chronicle, and “favourable to rain”.^[4][2] The French loan pluvios is a rare synonym.^[4]

Timeline

• 1639 – the first record, in a Paraclis.^[3][4]
• 1645 – in a Hronograf.^[2]
• 1733 – a calendar calls a year friguros, ploios “cold, rainy”.^[2]
• 1811 – the variant plooasă in a calendar.^[2]
• 1825 – the Lexicon of Buda glosses it Latin pluvius, pluviosus.^[10]

Meanings

Adjective

1. rainy: with much rain, in which it rains a lot.^[5][4]
2. Bringing rain or favourable to rain.^[5][4]

Related words

• ploaie
• ploua
• Aromanian pluios

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. ploios
3. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ploios
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 425
5. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 834
6. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1000
7. ^ a b Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main, p. 210
8. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
9. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională
10. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 515