Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word permanent

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1848 Negulici's dictionary of neologisms More words from the 19th century
Borrowed from
French permanent
Ultimate origin
Latin permaneō

Pronunciation

  • /per.maˈnent/[1]

Forms

permanent m or n (feminine singular permanentă, masculine plural permanenți, feminine/neuter plural permanente)[1] Regional pronunciations are părmanent and pirmanent.[2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French permanent.[3][2][4][1] MDN names Latin permanēns beside the French word, and DN compares permaneō (“to remain throughout”).[5][6] Scriban derives it from the Latin participle alone.[7]

The French adjective was borrowed from Latin in the 14th century; the Latin participle belongs to a verb formed from per- and maneō (“to stay”).[8] Graur places it in the family of the Latin verb, beside inherited rămâne from remaneō.[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Negulici's 1848 vocabulary of loanwords, which explains it as stable, steadfast and lasting without end.[2][10]

Semantic evolution

The general sense “lasting, uninterrupted” came first.[10][4] In the 19th century it was used for a standing army: Bălcescu wrote that the Romanian army had been the first armată permanentă in Europe, and Alecsandri set the territorial army against the permanent one.[11] Scriban adds fortificațiune permanentă, a fortification built to last.[7]

Later senses describe bodies that work without a break for a set time (comisie permanentă), employees on the permanent staff, and the permanent wave of the hair, ondulație permanentă, also used as a neuter noun permanent.[3][2] The adverb permanent means “all the time”.[4][1]

Timeline

  • 1848 – the first record, in Negulici's vocabulary of neologisms.[2][10]
  • 1870 – Costinescu's dictionary has permanentu “stable, durable”.[12]
  • 1886 – Barcianu glosses it with German “bleibend, fortdauernd”.[13]
  • 1939 – Scriban records armată permanentă and fortificațiune permanentă.[7]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. permanent, lasting: existing or going on for a long time or always, without change or interruption; constant: Bolnavul are nevoie de supraveghere permanentă.[3][2]
  2. Working without a break for a set period: comisie permanentă “standing committee”.[3][2]
  3. Of employees: on the permanent staff of a firm or institution.[3][2]
  4. armată permanentă: a standing army, kept up by regular recruitment.[3][11]
  5. ondulație permanentă: a perm, a hair wave made to last.[3][2]

Noun

  1. A perm; hair waved by this process.[14][3]

Adverb

  1. permanently, all the time: Lucrează permanent la țară.[4][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 351
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 805
  4. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. permanent
  5. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. permanent
  6. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. permanent
  7. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 967
  8. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  9. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. s.v. permanent
  10. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. permanent
  11. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 389
  12. ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 279
  13. ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 470
  14. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. permanent

Related etymologies

  • cap · also from French
  • dura · also from French
  • pur · also from French
  • pană · also from French
  • pat · also from French
  • masă · also from French
  • lac · also from French
  • primar · also from French
Cite this entry

“Permanent.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/permanent. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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