Etymology and origin of the Romanian word permanent
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1848 Negulici's dictionary of neologisms More words from the 19th century
- Borrowed from
- French permanent
- Ultimate origin
- Latin permaneō
Pronunciation
- /per.maˈnent/[1]
Forms
permanent m or n (feminine singular permanentă, masculine plural permanenți, feminine/neuter plural permanente)[1] Regional pronunciations are părmanent and pirmanent.[2]
Etymology
It is borrowed from French permanent.[3][2][4][1] MDN names Latin permanēns beside the French word, and DN compares permaneō (“to remain throughout”).[5][6] Scriban derives it from the Latin participle alone.[7]
The French adjective was borrowed from Latin in the 14th century; the Latin participle belongs to a verb formed from per- and maneō (“to stay”).[8] Graur places it in the family of the Latin verb, beside inherited rămâne from remaneō.[9]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is in Negulici's 1848 vocabulary of loanwords, which explains it as stable, steadfast and lasting without end.[2][10]
Semantic evolution
The general sense “lasting, uninterrupted” came first.[10][4] In the 19th century it was used for a standing army: Bălcescu wrote that the Romanian army had been the first armată permanentă in Europe, and Alecsandri set the territorial army against the permanent one.[11] Scriban adds fortificațiune permanentă, a fortification built to last.[7]
Later senses describe bodies that work without a break for a set time (comisie permanentă), employees on the permanent staff, and the permanent wave of the hair, ondulație permanentă, also used as a neuter noun permanent.[3][2] The adverb permanent means “all the time”.[4][1]
Timeline
- 1848 – the first record, in Negulici's vocabulary of neologisms.[2][10]
- 1870 – Costinescu's dictionary has permanentu “stable, durable”.[12]
- 1886 – Barcianu glosses it with German “bleibend, fortdauernd”.[13]
- 1939 – Scriban records armată permanentă and fortificațiune permanentă.[7]
Meanings
Adjective
- permanent, lasting: existing or going on for a long time or always, without change or interruption; constant: Bolnavul are nevoie de supraveghere permanentă.[3][2]
- Working without a break for a set period: comisie permanentă “standing committee”.[3][2]
- Of employees: on the permanent staff of a firm or institution.[3][2]
- armată permanentă: a standing army, kept up by regular recruitment.[3][11]
- ondulație permanentă: a perm, a hair wave made to last.[3][2]
Noun
Adverb
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 351
- ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 805
- ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. permanent
- ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. permanent
- ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. permanent
- ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 967
- ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
- ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. s.v. permanent
- ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. permanent
- ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 389
- ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 279
- ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 470
- ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. permanent
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Permanent.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/permanent. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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