paradă

Forms

paradă f (plural parade)^[1] An older and colloquial variant is paradie: „Ș-o fost nunta aceia strașnică, încât așa paradie n-o mai văzut sfântul soare” “and that wedding was so grand that the holy sun had never seen such pomp”.^[2][3] Regional forms include păradă, părade, porade and pradie; besides the plural parade there is a popular plural parăzi.^[4][5]

Etymology

It is borrowed from German Parade, with French parade as a second source.^[4][3][6] MDA2 also names Hungarian parádé.^[4][3][6] Some dictionaries name French alone, with Spanish parada (“a stop”) for comparison.^[7][5] Tiktin takes the word from French both directly and through other languages, and the variant paradie probably from the locative case of Russian парад (parad).^[2]

The German word comes from the French one, which Kluge takes from that Spanish word, derived from parar (“to adorn”).^[8] The DHLF instead derives the French word, recorded before 1455, from parer (“to adorn”) with the suffix -ade, on the model of Old Occitan parada (1366).^[9] The fencing sense “parry” has a separate history: in German it followed Italian parata, then French, from the verb parare (“to ward off”), itself from Latin parō (“to prepare”).^[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1784, in a document published in the Buletinul Comisiei Istorice.^[2] MDA2 cites a text of before 1788 from the Uricariul collection of documents.^[4] The sense was a military parade, a ceremony at which troops march past.^[4]

Semantic evolution

From the review of troops the word spread to any solemn procession, ceremony or display of pomp;^[4][11] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 defines it as a grand appearance.^[4][11] De paradă “for show, for festive occasions” and the figurative sense of ostentation, as in a face paradă de ceva “to make a show of something”, are in Scriban and Șăineanu.^[5][12] The fencing and boxing sense “parry” came with the sports vocabulary;^[3][13] Dimitrescu quotes it from 1984 for a goalkeeper's save.^[3][13]

Timeline

• 1784 – first record, in a document published in the Buletinul Comisiei Istorice.^[2]
• before 1788 – in a document of the Uricariul.^[4]
• 1848 – Negulici defines it as a grand appearance.^[11]
• 1984 – a goalkeeper's “save” in the newspaper România liberă.^[13]

Meanings

Noun

1. A military parade: a ceremony at which troops march past; by extension, a procession, ceremony or pomp.^[3][4]
2. (figurative) ostentation, a display meant to impress;^[3][4] de paradă “for show”, a face paradă de ceva “to show off something”.^[3][4]
3. The entry of the whole company of a circus show into the ring.^[14]
4. (sports) A parry: a movement by which a fencer or boxer wards off a blow, usually followed by a riposte; in football, a goalkeeper's save.^[3][13]

Word family

• parada

Related words

• para
• German Parade

References

1. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. parádă
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 771
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 262
5. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 932
6. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
7. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
8. ^ Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter, p. 682
9. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
10. ^ Pfeifer, Wolfgang, et al. (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 2nd ed., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; digital revised version in the DWDS, dwds.de
11. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. paradă
12. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 461
13. ^ a b c d Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE)
14. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional