fute

Forms

fute (third-person singular present fute, past participle futut, third-person subjunctive fută) 3rd conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin futuō (“to have sex with (a woman)”).^{[2][3][4][5][6]} The verb survives in all four branches: Aromanian fut, Megleno-Romanian fut and the Istro-Romanian form.^[2][7][8][3] Its Romance cognates include Italian fottere, Sardinian futtire, French foutre, Occitan fotre, Catalan fotre, Spanish joder and Portuguese foder.^[2][4][9] Pușcariu and Candrea–Densusianu also compare Albanian fut (“to stick in”).^[3][9]

The Latin verb was a vulgar word, found in Catullus, Martial and graffiti, and its origin is uncertain.^[10][11] De Vaan suggests a link with a root meaning “to strike”, and Wiktionary with Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”).^[11][1] DELI and Nocentini start the Italian verb from Vulgar Latin *futtō, a spoken form with a doubled consonant.^[12][13]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin and MDA2 date the first record to 1628, in a Wallachian document published in the Documenta Romaniae Historica (series B, volume XXII, page 62).^[5][6]

Semantic evolution

The basic sense is the sexual act, transitive and, with cu, reflexive.^[6][1] The verb is very common in oaths of the type futu-ți …, addressed to the listener or to a third person; speakers often soften them by cutting the start, to tu-ți or tu-i, or by leaving it out.^[5] Megleno-Romanian has the same curses, for example „Fútă-ľ mái̯ca!”.^[8]

In familiar speech the verb has many transferred senses: to annoy, to scold, to cheat, to overwork someone, to defeat, to ruin something or to do it badly, and a-și fute timpul “to waste one's time”.^[6][14] The compound fute-vânt names the wagtail and a good-for-nothing.^[6][2] Candrea–Densusianu compared it with Italian fottivento, a name of several birds.^[9][2] The noun futai “copulation” is slang.^[2]

Timeline

• 1628 – the first record, in a Wallachian document.^[5][6]

Meanings

Verb

1. (vulgar, transitive or reflexive with cu) To have sexual intercourse with someone; to fuck.^[6][1][14]
2. (vulgar, figurative) To annoy or pester someone; also a fute la cap.^[6][1]
3. (vulgar, figurative) To overwork someone; to scold someone; to cheat someone.^[6]
4. (vulgar) To wreck or ruin something; to do a job badly.^[6][1][14]
5. (vulgar) With una or o bătaie: to give someone a blow or a beating.^[6]
6. (vulgar, reflexive, with în or pe) Not to care at all about something.^[1]

Word family

• futai

Related words

• Aromanian fut
• Latin futuō

Usage notes

The word is vulgar and taboo in all its senses.^[6][1] Tiktin gives the past tense futui, the participle futut and the gerund futând.^[5]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. fute
3. ^ a b c Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 59
4. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3622
5. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. fute
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 958
7. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 483
8. ^ a b Saramandu, Nicolae (coord.) et al. (2010–), Dicționarul dialectului meglenoromân, general și etimologic, fascicles in Fonetică și dialectologie XXIX–, p. 188
9. ^ a b c Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
11. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
12. ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
13. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
14. ^ a b c Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. fute