Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word făină

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1551–1553 a Gospel book More words from the 16th century
Inherited from
Latin farina
Ultimate origin
Latin far
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin far
Latin farīna
French farine
Romanian făină
English farina
From the same root
Latin farrāgō ← far

Pronunciation

  • /fəˈi.nə/[1]

Forms

făină f (plural (rare) făinuri)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin farīna (“flour, meal”).[2][3][4][5][1] Ciorănescu explains the modern form through the variants still recorded: Latin /r/ between vowels gave fărină, which is still said in Transylvania, Maramureș, northern Moldavia and Bukovina; /r/–/n/ was then assimilated to /n/–/n/ in fănină, the form of Banat and of Dosoftei; and the first /n/ was lost by dissimilation.[2][5][4] The Latin noun is formed on far (“emmer, a kind of grain”).[6][1]

The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian fãrinã, Megleno-Romanian fărină and Istro-Romanian farirę.[2][7][8][9] Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian faraina, Italian farina, French farine, Spanish harina and Portuguese farinha.[2][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is a Gospel book of 1551–1553, in Matthew 13, with the sense “flour”.[5] MDA2 dates it from Coresi's prayer book of 1564.[3] In the 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons it renders Slavonic брашно “food, flour” and семидалъ “fine wheat flour”, from Mardarie's lexicon of 1649 on.[11]

Semantic evolution

The sense has stayed “flour”, by default of wheat, with the kind named by a following phrase (făină de porumb, de secară).[12][13] By extension it names any powder obtained by grinding: CADE has făină de cari “wood dust left by woodworm”, and modern agriculture făină de oase “bone meal” and făină de pește “fish meal”.[14][12]

Several old sayings use it: altă făină se macină acum la moară “other flour is ground at the mill now”, that is, things have changed;[5][3][15] scump la tărâțe și ieftin la făină “dear with the bran and cheap with the flour”, said of someone who saves on trifles and wastes what matters; and a se uita cu un ochi la făină și cu altul la slănină “to look at the flour with one eye and at the bacon with the other”, to squint.[5][3][15] De aceeași făină “of the same sort” translates Latin eiusdem farinae.[3]

Timeline

  • 1551-1553 – first record, in a Gospel book (Matthew 13).[5]
  • 1564 – in Coresi's prayer book.[3]
  • 1649 – Mardarie's lexicon glosses Slavonic брашно and семидалъ with it.[11]
  • 1673 – the form fănină in Dosoftei's verse Psalter.[5][4]
  • 1688 – more than seventy occurrences in the Bucharest Bible.[16]

Meanings

Noun

  1. flour, meal: the powder made by grinding cereal grains or other seeds, used as food; without a further word, wheat flour.[12][13][1]
  2. A powder made by grinding other materials: făină de oase “bone meal”, făină de pește “fish meal”, făină animală “meat meal” for feeding livestock.[12][17]

Word family

  • făina
  • făinar
  • făinărie
  • făineală
  • făinos
  • înfăina

Usage notes

The plural făinuri is used only of kinds of flour.[12][15] Bakers grade fine wheat flour with zero: făină zero-zero, trei zerouri.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. făină
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 883
  4. ^ a b c Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 50
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. făină
  6. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. farīna
  7. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 452
  8. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 126
  9. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula, p. s.v. farírę
  10. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3197
  11. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. făină
  12. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 384
  13. ^ a b Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. făină
  14. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. făină
  15. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 496
  16. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Gen 18:6
  17. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. făină

Related etymologies

  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
  • sta · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Făină.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/f%C4%83in%C4%83. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.

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