Etymology and origin of the Romanian word făină
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1551–1553 a Gospel book More words from the 16th century
- Inherited from
- Latin farina
- Ultimate origin
- Latin far
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /fəˈi.nə/[1]
Forms
făină f (plural (rare) făinuri)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin farīna (“flour, meal”).[2][3][4][5][1] Ciorănescu explains the modern form through the variants still recorded: Latin /r/ between vowels gave fărină, which is still said in Transylvania, Maramureș, northern Moldavia and Bukovina; /r/–/n/ was then assimilated to /n/–/n/ in fănină, the form of Banat and of Dosoftei; and the first /n/ was lost by dissimilation.[2][5][4] The Latin noun is formed on far (“emmer, a kind of grain”).[6][1]
The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian fãrinã, Megleno-Romanian fărină and Istro-Romanian farirę.[2][7][8][9] Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian faraina, Italian farina, French farine, Spanish harina and Portuguese farinha.[2][10]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin's first record is a Gospel book of 1551–1553, in Matthew 13, with the sense “flour”.[5] MDA2 dates it from Coresi's prayer book of 1564.[3] In the 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons it renders Slavonic брашно “food, flour” and семидалъ “fine wheat flour”, from Mardarie's lexicon of 1649 on.[11]
Semantic evolution
The sense has stayed “flour”, by default of wheat, with the kind named by a following phrase (făină de porumb, de secară).[12][13] By extension it names any powder obtained by grinding: CADE has făină de cari “wood dust left by woodworm”, and modern agriculture făină de oase “bone meal” and făină de pește “fish meal”.[14][12]
Several old sayings use it: altă făină se macină acum la moară “other flour is ground at the mill now”, that is, things have changed;[5][3][15] scump la tărâțe și ieftin la făină “dear with the bran and cheap with the flour”, said of someone who saves on trifles and wastes what matters; and a se uita cu un ochi la făină și cu altul la slănină “to look at the flour with one eye and at the bacon with the other”, to squint.[5][3][15] De aceeași făină “of the same sort” translates Latin eiusdem farinae.[3]
Timeline
- 1551-1553 – first record, in a Gospel book (Matthew 13).[5]
- 1564 – in Coresi's prayer book.[3]
- 1649 – Mardarie's lexicon glosses Slavonic брашно and семидалъ with it.[11]
- 1673 – the form fănină in Dosoftei's verse Psalter.[5][4]
- 1688 – more than seventy occurrences in the Bucharest Bible.[16]
Meanings
Noun
- flour, meal: the powder made by grinding cereal grains or other seeds, used as food; without a further word, wheat flour.[12][13][1]
- A powder made by grinding other materials: făină de oase “bone meal”, făină de pește “fish meal”, făină animală “meat meal” for feeding livestock.[12][17]
Word family
- făina
- făinar
- făinărie
- făineală
- făinos
- înfăina
Related words
- Aromanian fãrinã
- Latin farīna
Usage notes
The plural făinuri is used only of kinds of flour.[12][15] Bakers grade fine wheat flour with zero: făină zero-zero, trei zerouri.[3]
References
- ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. făină
- ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 883
- ^ a b c Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 50
- ^ a b c d e f g Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. făină
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. farīna
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 452
- ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 126
- ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula, p. s.v. farírę
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3197
- ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. făină
- ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 384
- ^ a b Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. făină
- ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. făină
- ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 496
- ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Gen 18:6
- ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. făină
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Făină.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/f%C4%83in%C4%83. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.
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