Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word crimă

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1794 a text cited by Tiktin More words from the 18th century
Borrowed from
French crime
Ultimate origin
Latin crimen
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin cernō
Latin crīmen
French crime
Romanian crimă
Italian crimine
Spanish crimen
The word's journey
From the same root
Latin certō ← cernō
Latin concernō ← cernō
Latin dēcernō ← cernō
Latin discernō ← cernō
Latin excernō ← cernō
Latin incernō ← cernō
Latin sēcernō ← cernō
Latin crīminālis ← crīmen
Latin crīminor ← crīmen
Latin crīminōsus ← crīmen

Forms

crimă f (plural crime)[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French crime, from Latin crimen (“accusation, charge”).[2][3][4][5][1] MDA2 names the Latin word beside the French one, and an old neuter variant kept the Latin form unchanged.[6][7][8] Graur places the Latin noun in the family of cernō (“to sift, distinguish”), with the first sense “what serves to decide”;[9][1] Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“sieve”).[9][1]

Aromanian has an older word of the same form, crimă (“sin; a great number”);[3][10] Pascu took it as the direct continuation of the Latin word.[3][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is from 1794.[8] DELR dates the word to 1815, under the variant crimen, and MDA2 to a document printed in the Uricariul, before 1848.[7][6] The DA quotes that document: „această crimă... va feșteli foile istoriei” “this crime will stain the pages of history”.[4]

Semantic evolution

The adjective criminal is older than the noun: DELR dates it to 1736, from Latin criminālis and French criminel; the old neuter criminal “criminal court” of 1807 follows French and German.[7][3] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 defines the noun as a deed against the laws.[11] In modern use it is a grave offence, specifically murder, and in law the phrases crimă de război “war crime” and crimă contra umanității “crime against humanity”.[2][12] More loosely it is any wicked act condemned by society.[6][5]

Timeline

  • 1794 – the first record of the noun.[8]
  • 1807 – criminal “criminal court”.[7]
  • 1815 – the variant crimen.[7]
  • before 1848 – crimă in a document of the Uricariul.[6][4]
  • 1848 – defined in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.[11]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A grave crime, an offence that the law punishes most severely; specifically murder: Poliția cercetează o crimă.[2][1]
  2. (law) In phrases: crimă de război “war crime”, crimă contra umanității “crime against humanity”.[12][6]
  3. A wicked act condemned by society; a sin.[6][5]

Word family

  • criminal
  • criminalist
  • criminalistică
  • criminalitate
  • criminaliza
  • criminolog
  • criminologie
  • incrimina

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 250
  3. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. crimă
  4. ^ a b c Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. crimă
  5. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. crimă
  6. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 549
  7. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. crimă
  8. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. crimă
  9. ^ a b Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 31
  10. ^ a b Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 311
  11. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. 109
  12. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. crimă

Related etymologies

  • cap · also from French
  • dura · also from French
  • pur · also from French
  • pană · also from French
  • pat · also from French
  • masă · also from French
  • lac · also from French
  • primar · also from French
Cite this entry

“Crimă.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/crim%C4%83. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.

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