cărnos

Forms

cărnos m or n (feminine singular cărnoasă, masculine plural cărnoși, feminine/neuter plural cărnoase)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin carnōsus (“fleshy”), as nearly all the dictionaries give it.^{[2][3][4][5][1][6]} Ciorănescu also allows a Romanian formation on carne with the suffix -os.^[2] The Latin adjective is formed on carō (“flesh”) with the suffix -ōsus.^[7]

It survives south of the Danube as Aromanian cãrnos.^[2][8][9] The Romance cognates include Italian carnoso, Old French charneus, Occitan carnos, Spanish carnoso and Portuguese carnoso.^[6][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR and Tiktin date the first record to 1703, with the sense “fleshy”.^[2][5] MDA2's first record is later, from Negruzzi's writings of 1872.^[3]

Semantic evolution

From “fleshy” the word passed to fruit, leaves and roots with much pulp; Șincai sorted fruit trees into those with fleshy fruit, such as pears and apples, and others.^[5][11] Klein's dictionary of 1801 and the Lexicon of Buda of 1825 gloss it with Latin carnosus.^[12][13] The abstract noun cărnoșie “fleshiness” is recorded from 1862.^[2] Regionally the word also means “flesh-coloured”.^[3]

Timeline

• 1703 – cărnos “fleshy”, the first record.^[2][5]
• 1801 – carnós in Klein's dictionary.^[12]
• 1825 – cărnosu in the Lexicon of Buda.^[13]
• 1862 – the noun cărnoșie “fleshiness”.^[2]

Meanings

Adjective

1. fleshy, with much flesh; muscular.^[4][3][1]
2. Of fruit, leaves or stems: pulpy, with much flesh.^[4][3]
3. (regional) Flesh-coloured; cărniu.^[3]

Word family

• cărnoșie

Related words

• carne
• cărnicios
• Aromanian cãrnos

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. cărnos
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 331
4. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 160
5. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. cărnos
6. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 1704
7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
8. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne
9. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională
10. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
11. ^ Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. cărnos
12. ^ a b Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study)
13. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.)