joust English · revision 999

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /d͡ʒaʊst/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|justen]],^(Barnhart 1995)^(RHWU) [[bor|fro|juster]], ''jouster'' “to tilt, to fight in single combat”,^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) [[der|la-vul|*iuxtāre|t=to approach, to be next to]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) from [[la|iuxtā|t=near, beside]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) related to ''iungere'' “to join”.^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ As a verb, “to join, ally oneself” (c. 1250), obsolete;^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995) as a noun, a combat on horseback between two knights with lances (1297).^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By about 1300 the verb meant “to fight on horseback with a lance”.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) The Middle English noun was usually plural, for a series of contests and the accompanying festivities.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) Early tournaments were rough affairs in which groups fought to capture opponents' horses and ransoms.^(Etymonline) The usual old spelling and pronunciation was ''just'', which survives in the surname Juster.^(Etymonline) Figuratively ''joust'' is used of any personal contest, such as a debate.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1250 – verb, to join, to ally oneself (obsolete).^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1297 – noun, a combat between mounted knights.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1300 – verb, to fight on horseback with lances.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1377 – figurative uses.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A combat between two mounted knights or men-at-arms with [[lance|alt=lances]]; a tilting match.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A series of such contests; a [[tournament]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)

+ # A personal competition or struggle.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fight on horseback with lances; to [[tilt]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To engage in a personal contest or competition, as in ''jousting debaters''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[jouster]]

+ * [[jostle]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[adjust]]

+ * [[juxtapose]]

+ * [[tilt]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}