labes Latin · revision 9985

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la lābor}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lābēs''' ''f'' (genitive lābis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius has an ablative ''lābī''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is related to [[lābor]] “to slip, fall” and [[labō]] “to totter”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler compares a root ⟨*lēb-⟩ “to hang limp” (Pokorny 655).^(Köbler 2010) For the sense “stain”, Lewis & Short compared [[grc|λώβη|tr=lṓbē|t=outrage]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Ennius, of a disaster, and Köbler lists the Salian hymn.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a fall or subsidence of earth, a landslip, as in Cicero, so ''lābem dare'' “to collapse”; a disaster, debacle, as in Ennius; a physical defect, as in Lucretius; a blemish in an animal's colouring that unfits it for sacrifice, as in Ovid; and in Cicero a stain on honour, disgrace.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means stain, blot, blemish, defect.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for subsidence, collapse, ruin.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of disaster.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a defect.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a landslip and of disgrace.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A fall, subsidence, [[m|en|landslip]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|disaster]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|defect]], [[m|en|blemish]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|stain]] on honour, disgrace.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lābēcula]]

+ * [[labōsus]]

+ * [[labīna]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lābor]]

+ * [[labō]]

+ * [[lāpsus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}