gratiosus Latin · revision 9983

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *gʷerH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɡraː.tiˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ɡrat.t͡siˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''grātiōsus''' (feminine grātiōsa, neuter grātiōsum, comparative grātiōsior, superlative grātiōsissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Comparative ''grātiōsior'', superlative ''grātiōsissimus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|grātia|-ōsus|t1=favour, grace]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨grātus⟩ to [[itc-pro|*gʷrāto-|t=grateful]], [[ine-pro|*gʷr̥H-to-|t=praised (in song)]], cognate with Oscan ⟨brateis⟩ “of grace”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant enjoying favour, popularity or influence, as in Cicero's ''apud omnēs ōrdinēs grātiōsus'' “in favour with all classes”, and showing favour, kind, obliging.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means favoured, beloved, popular.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for charming, beautiful, elegant in speech.^(DMLBS) English ''gracious'' (c. 1300) is from it through Old French, and it survives as Spanish ''gracioso'' and Italian ''grazioso''.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''gracious'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # In [[m|en|favour]], popular, influential.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Kind, [[m|en|obliging]], [[m|en|gracious]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|charming|alt=Charming]], elegant.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gratiositas]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[grātia]]

+ * [[grātus]]

+ * [[en|gracious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}