gratis Latin · revision 9982

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *gʷerH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɡraː.tiːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɡraː.tis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''grātīs''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Also ''grātiīs''.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is contracted from ⟨grātiīs⟩, the ablative plural of [[grātia]] “favour, thanks”, so “for thanks”, hence “without recompense”.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)^(DMLBS) De Vaan traces ⟨grātus⟩ to [[itc-pro|*gʷrāto-|t=grateful]], [[ine-pro|*gʷr̥H-to-|t=praised (in song)]], cognate with Oscan ⟨brateis⟩ “of grace”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Plautus.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant without payment, for nothing, free of charge, and freely, gladly.^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010)^(DMLBS)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means free, freely.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for in vain, without reason, groundlessly, and deliberately.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''gratis'' (mid-15th century) and German ''gratis'' are from it.^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''gratis'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Without payment, for nothing, [[m|en|free]].^(Etymonline)^(DMLBS)

+ # [[m|en|freely|alt=Freely]], willingly.^(Köbler 2010)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' In vain; without reason.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[grātia]]

+ * [[grātus]]

+ * [[grātuītus]]

+ * [[en|gratis]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The OLD and Lewis & Short treat it under ''grātia''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}