pugna Latin · revision 9970
17 Oct 2026, 00:56 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la pugnō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpʊŋ.na]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpuɲ.ɲa]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''pugna''' ''f'' (genitive pugnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is a back-formation from [[m|la|pugnō|t=to fight]], which is from [[m|la|pugnus|t=fist]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The TLL compares feminine nouns formed from verbs such as [[fuga]] and [[praeda]].^(TLL) Lewis & Short read it as originally a fight fist to fist.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is Plautus, of a fight between persons.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It was a fight between two or more people, from Terence a battle between armies, and figuratively a conflict of words or actions, especially in the law courts, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means fight, battle.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for single combat, the judicial duel.^(Niermeyer 1976) In British Medieval Latin it also meant assault and the right to a fine for it.^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a fight.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of a battle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a conflict of words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|fight]] between persons, [[m|en|combat]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|battle]] between armies.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # A conflict in words or actions, a struggle.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Single combat, a judicial [[m|en|duel]].^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[pugnicula]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[pugnācitās]]
+ * [[pugnāciter]]
+ * [[pugnāculum]]
+ * [[pugnantia]]
+ * [[pugnātor]]
+ * [[pugnātōrius]]
+ * [[pugnātrix]]
+ * [[pugnāx]]
+ * [[pugneus]]
+ * [[pugnitus]]
+ * [[pugnō]]
+ * [[pugnus]]
+ * [[pugil]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}