risus Latin · revision 9968

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la rīdeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈriː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈriː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rīsus''' ''m'' (genitive rīsūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|rīdeō|-tus|t1=to laugh]], an action noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan finds no good Indo-European etymology for ⟨rīdeō⟩ and rejects the old comparison with [[sa|व्रीडते|tr=vrīḍate|t=is shy]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Plautus, of laughter.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant laughter or a laugh, as in Cicero's ''rīsum movēre'' “to raise a laugh”, and in Propertius by metonymy an object of laughter, a laughing-stock.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Apuleius has ''Rīsus'' as the god of Laughter.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means laughter.^(Stelten 1995) It survives as French ''ris'', Italian and Portuguese ''riso'', Spanish ''risa'' and Romanian ''râs''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero has ''rīsum movēre''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of a laughing-stock.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|laughter|alt=Laughter]], a [[m|en|laugh]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # An object of laughter, [[m|en|laughing-stock]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rīsiloquium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rīdeō]]

+ * [[rīsibilis]]

+ * [[rīsiō]]

+ * [[rīsitō]]

+ * [[rīsor]]

+ * [[rīdiculus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Niermeyer records a Medieval Latin ''risus'' (also ''risium'') “rice”, an unrelated word.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}