vinculum Latin · revision 9962
17 Oct 2026, 00:56 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *wi-n-k-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɪŋ.kʊ.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈviŋ.ku.lum]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''vinculum''' ''n'' (genitive vinculī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ The contracted ''vinclum'' is the older form and is also used in classical prose.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|vinciō|-ulum|t1=to bind]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives it from the verbal stem ⟨*u̯ink-⟩, with either ⟨*-(e)lo-⟩ or ⟨*-tlo-⟩; he reconstructs ⟨vinciō⟩ as [[itc-pro|*wink-|t=to tie, bind]], [[ine-pro|*wi-n-k-]], and compares Umbrian ⟨preuiślatu⟩ “to tie”.^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's earliest source is Plautus.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It was anything that binds: a chain or fetter on a prisoner's limbs, so that ''in vinculīs'' meant in prison; a band of clothing; a tie or fastening joining things; and figuratively a restraint on freedom and a bond of friendship or kinship.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin ''vinculum mātrimōniī'' is the bond of marriage.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it also for a punishment and a proviso.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''vinculum'' (1670s) is from it, used in mathematics for the line over grouped terms.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a tie.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1670s – English ''vinculum'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|chain]], [[m|en|fetter]], ''(plural)'' imprisonment.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)
+ # A band, cord, [[m|en|fastening]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(figurative)'' A [[m|en|restraint]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|bond]] (of friendship, kinship, marriage).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A penalty; a [[m|en|proviso]].^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[dēvinciō]]
+ * [[ēvinciō]]
+ * [[pervinca]]
+ * [[praevinciō]]
+ * [[prōvincia]]
+ * [[prōvinciālis]]
+ * [[vinciō]]
+ * [[vinctiō]]
+ * [[vinctor]]
+ * [[vinctūra]]
+ * [[vincō]]
+ * [[en|vinculum]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}