pugil Latin · revision 9958
17 Oct 2026, 00:56 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Terence|origins=ine-pro *pu-n-g-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpʊ.ɡɪɫ]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpuː.d͡ʒil]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''pugil''' ''m'' (genitive pugilis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ Varro has a nominative ''pugilis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from the root ⟨pug-⟩ of [[pugnus]] “fist”, with the suffix ⟨-il-⟩ as in [[vigil]], though the TLL notes it is unclear exactly how it relates to ⟨pugnus⟩.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary derives it from [[pungō]] “to prick” with [[m|la|-ilis]], the final ⟨-is⟩ lost as in ⟨vigil⟩.^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|πύξ|tr=púx|t=with the fist]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨*pug-⟩ “fist” and ⟨*pung-⟩ “to pierce”, [[ine-pro|*pu-n(e)-g/k-]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's earliest source is Terence.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Terence 190–159 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a boxer, a fist-fighter, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ Medieval Latin used it for a champion.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin glosses gave it as boxer or wrestler.^(DMLBS) English ''pugilist'' and ''pugilism'' (both 1789) are formed from it.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of boxers.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1789 – English ''pugilist'' is formed from it.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|boxer]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|champion]].^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[pugilicē]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[pugilārēs]]
+ * [[pugillārēs]]
+ * [[pugilātiō]]
+ * [[pugillātiō]]
+ * [[pugilātor]]
+ * [[pugillātor]]
+ * [[pugilātōrius]]
+ * [[pugillātōrius]]
+ * [[pugilātus]]
+ * [[pugillātus]]
+ * [[pugnus]]
+ * [[pugna]]
+ * [[pugillus]]
+ * [[en|pugilist]]
+ * [[en|pugilism]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}