convivium Latin · revision 9954

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *gʷeyh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔnˈwiː.wi.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [koɱˈviː.vi.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''convīvium''' ''n'' (genitive convīviī or convīvī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Inscriptions have ''comviviom'' and ''convibium''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[m|la|convīvō|t=to live together, dine together]] (or [[convīva]] “guest”) with [[m|la|-ium]], from [[m|la|con-]] and [[m|la|vīvō|t=to live]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces ⟨vīvō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*gʷīwe/o-|t=to live]], from [[ine-pro|*gʷíh₃-we/o-|t=to live]], cognate with Oscan ⟨bivus⟩ “alive” and [[sa|जीवति|tr=jī́vati|t=lives]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Plautus, and Gaffiot cites Plautus' ''Menaechmi'' for a meal.^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short take its literal sense to be a living together, hence a meal in company; in use it meant a dinner party, banquet, feast, as in Cicero, and in Petronius and Seneca the company of guests.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means banquet.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for a meal owed to a lord, and British Medieval Latin for the obligatory provision of a feast.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives as Italian ''convivio'' and Spanish ''convivio''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a banquet.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of the guests.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A dinner party, [[m|en|banquet]], [[m|en|feast]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The company at a feast.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A meal owed to a lord.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[convīva]]

+ * [[convīvor]]

+ * [[vīvō]]

+ * [[en|convivial]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore of Seville notes that the Greeks named the feast from drinking together, the Romans more correctly from living together (''convīctus'').^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}