acetum Latin · revision 9952

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂eḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [aˈkeː.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [aˈt͡ʃɛː.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''acētum''' ''n'' (genitive acētī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[m|la|aceō|t=to be sour]], originally the participle of a verb meaning “to turn sour”, with ⟨vīnum⟩ “wine” understood.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary explains the form as from [[acēscō]] on the model of ⟨cōnsuētus⟩.^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨aceō⟩ as [[itc-pro|*akēje/o-]], [[ine-pro|*h₂eḱ-eh₁-|t=to be sharp]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Plautus.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant sour wine, vinegar, and the tang of vinegar, and Cato has vinegar sweetened with honey, and the OLD's first citation is Livy.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Varro notes that it has no plural.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means vinegar, acid.^(Stelten 1995) DÉRom reconstructs Proto-Romance ⟨*/aˈketu/⟩ “vinegar” and an adjective “sharp-tasting”.^(DÉRom) It survives as Italian ''aceto'', and Old English ''eced'' “vinegar” was borrowed from it.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato has honeyed vinegar.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|vinegar|alt=Vinegar]], sour wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The tang of vinegar.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ace"to]]

+ * [[acētāria]]

+ * [[acētōsus]]

+ * [[acētābulum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aceō]]

+ * [[acēscō]]

+ * [[ācer]]

+ * [[acidus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Pliny the Elder uses an ''acētum'' for virgin honey, which Gaffiot and Köbler take as a different word, from Greek ἄκοιτον.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}