accipiter Latin · revision 9950

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=itc-pro *aku-petri-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [akˈkɪ.pɪ.tɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [atˈt͡ʃiː.pi.ter]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''accipiter''' ''m'' (genitive accipitris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Priscian reports an older genitive ''accipiteris''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is generally explained as [[inh|itc-pro|*aku-petri-|t=having swift wings]], with ⟨acu-⟩ from a word for “swift” and ⟨-piter⟩ “wing”; compare [[grc|ὠκύπτερος|tr=ōkúpteros|t=swift-winged]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) The OLD gives ⟨*acu-peter⟩ “swift-flying” as probable, later associated with [[accipiō]] “to take”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler compares [[ine-pro|*h₁ōḱús|t=swift]] (Pokorny 755).^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan has it from Plautus, and the OLD's earliest citation for a hawk is Terence.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was any of several kinds of hawk, mostly masculine but feminine in Lucretius, and in Apuleius a fish, perhaps the flying gurnard.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means hawk, and British Medieval Latin used it especially for the sparrowhawk.^(Stelten 1995)^(DMLBS) It survives as Italian ''astore'', French ''autour'' and Spanish ''azor'', and Portuguese ''açor'' gave the name of the Azores.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) English ''accipiter'' (1708) is a learned borrowing.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of a hawk.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of a fish.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1708 – English ''accipiter'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|hawk]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A fish, perhaps the flying [[m|en|gurnard]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|sparrowhawk]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accipitrīna]]

+ * [[accipitrō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ōcior]]

+ * [[penna]]

+ * [[accipiō]]

+ * [[acupedius]]

+ * [[en|accipiter]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore of Seville derived it from ''accipere'' “to take, seize”.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}