municipium Latin · revision 9947

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=itc-pro *moini-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [muː.nɪˈkɪ.pi.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [mu.niˈt͡ʃiː.pi.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mūnicipium''' ''n'' (genitive mūnicipiī or mūnicipī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ An inscription has the spelling ''moenicipium''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|mūniceps|-ium|t1=citizen of a municipium]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ⟨mūniceps⟩ is from [[mūnus]] “duty” and [[capiō]] “to take”: de Vaan explains a ⟨mūniceps⟩ as one who “takes on an obligation”, from Proto-Italic ⟨*moini-⟩ “duty, obligation”, cognate with Oscan ⟨múíníkú⟩ “common”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Cicero.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a self-governing community in Italy, originally one that accepted Roman citizenship without the vote in return for public duties, and later any town whose people held Roman citizenship while keeping their own laws and magistrates.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Medieval Latin used it for the chief town of a ''cīvitās'', a walled town that was not a city, and a town wall.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives as Italian ''municipio'', Spanish ''municipio'' and Romanian ''municipiu''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A self-governing [[m|en|town]] whose people held Roman citizenship, a [[m|en|municipality]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A chief town; a walled town; a town wall.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mūnicipālis]]

+ * [[municipiolum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mūniceps]]

+ * [[mūnus]]

+ * [[commūnis]]

+ * [[en|municipal]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore of Seville derived the name from ''mūnia'', the duties its people owed.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}