ardor Latin · revision 9939
17 Oct 2026, 00:56 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la ārdeō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈaːr.dɔr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈar.dor]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''ārdor''' ''m'' (genitive ārdōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|ārdeō|-or|t1=to burn]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's earliest source is Plautus, and the OLD's earliest citations are Accius, of fire, flashes of light and heat.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC and Accius 170–c. 90 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a burning, fire, as in Cicero's house whose blaze threatened the city; a flash or gleam of light; fierce heat, as of the sun in Lucretius; and figuratively agitation of mind, passion, eagerness, ardour, as in Cicero; passionate love, as in Lucretius; and intensity, violence.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means burning.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for fire, heat, passion and ferocity.^(DMLBS) English ''ardour'' (mid-15th century) is from it through Old French, and French ''ardeur'' is inherited from it.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of fire and heat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of passion and eagerness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''ardour'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|fire]], burning.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # A [[m|en|gleam]] of light, flash.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Fierce [[m|en|heat]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Passion, agitation of mind.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Eagerness, [[m|en|ardour]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Passionate love.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Intensity, violence.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[ārdeō]]
+ * [[ārdēns]]
+ * [[āridus]]
+ * [[en|ardour]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}