cavo Latin · revision 9935

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *ḱowH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈka.woː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.vo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cavō''' (present infinitive cavāre, perfect active cavāvī, supine cavātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|cavus|-ō|t1=hollow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨cavus⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*kawo-⟩ from ⟨*kowó-⟩, [[ine-pro|*ḱowH-ó-|t=hollow]], cognate with [[sga|cúa|t=hollow]] and [[grc|κοῖλος|tr=koîlos|t=hollow]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Gaffiot cites Lucretius' ''lapidem cavāre'' “to hollow a stone”.^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to make hollow, hollow out, as of stone in Lucretius; to make a hole in, pierce, and to make by hollowing, as of a boat, in Virgil; to give a hollow shape; and in Apuleius to carve in relief.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis & Short note that it is not used by Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ It survives as Italian, Spanish and Portuguese ''cavare'', ''cavar'' “to dig”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of hollowing stone.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of hollowing and piercing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of carving in relief.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|hollow]] out, make concave.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To pierce, make a hole in.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make by hollowing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To carve in relief.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[excavō]]

+ * [[cavāmen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cavātus]]

+ * [[caverna]]

+ * [[cavernātim]]

+ * [[cavernō]]

+ * [[cavernōsus]]

+ * [[cavernula]]

+ * [[cavōsitas]]

+ * [[cavus]]

+ * [[cavea]]

+ * [[en|cave]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}