tristitia Latin · revision 9925

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Terence|origins=la trīstis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [triːsˈtɪ.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [trisˈtit.t͡si.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trīstitia''' ''f'' (genitive trīstitiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ A fifth-declension ''trīstitiēs'' also occurs.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|trīstis|-itia|t1=sad]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan finds no good etymology for ⟨trīstis⟩: a link with Old English ⟨thriste⟩ “bold” through ⟨*trenksti-⟩ does not work phonetically.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Terence, of unhappiness.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Terence 190–159 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant unhappiness, sadness, gloom; from Cicero sternness, austerity; in Livy ill humour, sourness; and in Seneca the dismal look of things and the harshness of natural conditions.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means sadness, sorrow, and British Medieval Latin used it also for melancholy, depression.^(Stelten 1995)^(DMLBS) French ''tristesse'' is from it.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of sadness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of sternness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of gloomy appearance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|sadness|alt=Sadness]], [[m|en|gloom]], [[m|en|sorrow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Ill humour, moroseness.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Sternness, [[m|en|austerity]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Dismal appearance; harshness of conditions.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trīste]]

+ * [[trīstis]]

+ * [[trīstitās]]

+ * [[trīstitūdō]]

+ * [[contrīstō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis & Short give ''maestitia'' as a synonym.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}