rapina Latin · revision 9924
17 Oct 2026, 00:50 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|plunder}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=ine-pro *h₁rp-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [raˈpiː.na]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [raˈpiː.na]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''rapīna''' ''f'' (genitive rapīnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|rapiō|-īna|t1=to seize]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨rapiō⟩ as [[itc-pro|*rap-i-|t=to seize]], [[ine-pro|*h₁rp-i-]], cognate with [[grc|ἐρέπτομαι|tr=eréptomai|t=to devour, snatch]] and [[sq|rjep|t=to tear off, rob]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', of plundering.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it 86/82 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant the violent carrying off of property, robbery, plunder, pillage, and in Propertius concretely booty.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means robbery, pillage.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for abduction and tallage, and British Medieval Latin as a legal term for violent theft.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) English ''rapine'' (early 15th century) is from it.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of booty.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''rapine'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|robbery|alt=Robbery]], [[m|en|plunder]], [[m|en|pillage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # [[m|en|booty|alt=Booty]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|abduction|alt=Abduction]]; [[m|en|tallage]].^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ {{homograph|2|turnip field}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Cato|origins=la rāpum}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [raːˈpiː.na]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [raˈpiː.na]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''rāpīna''' ''f'' (genitive rāpīnae); first declension^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|rāpum|-īna|t1=turnip]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨rāpum⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*rāpo-⟩ and, given the irregular correspondences with [[grc|ῥάπυς|tr=rhápus|t=turnip]], [[lt|ropė|t=turnip]] and [[goh|ruoba|t=turnip]], takes it for a loanword.^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD and Gaffiot cite Cato.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a turnip crop, a turnip, as in Cato, and a turnip field, as in Columella.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) The TLL notes a Raetian descendant ''ravine'', “turnip field”.^(TLL)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of a turnip field.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|turnip]] crop.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # A turnip field.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[rapiō]]
+ * [[raptus]]
+ * [[rāpum]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}