miseria Latin · revision 9923

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la miser}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [mɪˈsɛ.ri.a], [mɪˈsɛ.ri.aː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [miˈs̬ɛː.ri.a], [miˈs̬ɛː.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''miseria''' ''f'' (genitive miseriae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|miser|-ia|t1=wretched]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨miser⟩ as [[itc-pro|*misro-]], perhaps [[ine-pro|*mh₂isro-]], possibly connected with [[maereō]] but without an accepted Indo-European source; he compares Tocharian A ⟨msär⟩ “difficult”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Ennius.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a wretched or pitiable condition, misfortune, affliction, distress, as in Cicero's ''in miseriā esse'' “to be unhappy”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means misery, trouble, misfortune.^(Stelten 1995) English ''misery'' (late 14th century) is from it through Old French ''misere'', and Italian ''miseria'', Spanish ''miseria'' and Romanian ''mizerie'' are learned borrowings of it.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero has ''in miseriā esse''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''misery'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|misery|alt=Misery]], [[m|en|wretchedness]], [[m|en|distress]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[miserīnus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[miser]]

+ * [[misereor]]

+ * [[misericordia]]

+ * [[en|misery]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}