procella Latin · revision 9922

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la prōcellō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [prɔˈkɛl.la]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈt͡ʃɛl.la]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''procella''' ''f'' (genitive procellae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[m|la|prōcellō|t=to throw down]], from [[m|la|prō-]] and ⟨*cellō⟩ “to strike”, the base also of [[percellō|alt=percellō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The TLL accepts the derivation with some caution and compares feminine nouns formed from verbs such as [[fuga]].^(TLL) Lewis & Short connected it instead with [[celer]] and [[grc|κέλης|tr=kélēs|t=runner]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Plautus, of a storm.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a violent wind, a storm, gale, and in Cicero figuratively a violent disturbance in public or private affairs.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means storm, tempest.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it also of Hell.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it figuratively.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A violent wind, [[m|en|storm]], [[m|en|gale]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A violent [[m|en|commotion]], upheaval.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[procellōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[percellō]]

+ * [[tempestās]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore of Seville derived it from ''percellere'' “to strike down”, a force of wind with rain.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}