calumniose Latin · revision 9917

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=inscriptions|origins=itc-pro *kalwe/o-}}

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''calumniōsē''' (comparative calumniōsius, superlative calumniōsissimē)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|calumniōsus|-ē|t1=tricky, vexatious]], an adverb.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ⟨calumnia⟩ is from ⟨*kalwomnia⟩, from [[m|la|calvor|t=to deceive]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*kalwe/o-]], from [[ine-pro|*ḱh₂l-u-]] or, with the LIV, ⟨*ḱlh₁-u-⟩ “to call”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest sources are inscriptions, and Gaffiot cites the Digest.^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant by false pretences, vexatiously, without foundation, as in the Digest; in Augustine by way of accusation; and Symmachus has the superlative ''calumniōsissimē''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

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+ British Medieval Latin used it for vexatiously, by sharp practice, and slanderously.^(DMLBS)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1128 – British records use it.^(DMLBS)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # By false pretences, [[m|en|vexatiously]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|slanderously|alt=Slanderously]].^(DMLBS)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[calumniōsus]]

+ * [[calumnia]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}