calvor Latin · revision 9915

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=itc-pro *kalwe/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkaɫ.wɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkal.vor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''calvor''' (present infinitive calvī); third conjugation, deponent, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+ There is an active form ''calvō'', and Servius has ''calviō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kalwe/o-]], from [[ine-pro|*ḱh₂l-u-]] (Schrijver) or ⟨*ḱlh₁-u-⟩ (LIV); the LIV's derivation from the root “to call” is semantically attractive.^(de Vaan 2008) Possible cognates are [[grc|κηλέω|tr=kēléō|t=to cast a spell]], [[got|𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽|tr=holon|t=to slander]] and [[ang|hōlian|t=to betray]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the Twelve Tables and Plautus, and in the sense “to be deceived” from Pacuvius.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables about 450 BC and Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to devise tricks, use subterfuge against, deceive, and as a passive to be tricked, deceived, as in Pacuvius, Accius and Sallust.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008) Its derivative [[calumnia]] “false accusation”, from ⟨*kalwomnia⟩, became far more common, the source of English ''calumny''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of being deceived.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To use [[m|en|subterfuge]] against, deceive.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(passive)'' To be tricked, deceived.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[calumnia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|calumny]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}