alveolus Latin · revision 9898
17 Oct 2026, 00:34 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Lucilius|origins=ine-pro *h₂ewlo-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [aɫˈwe.ɔ.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [alˈvɛː.o.lus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''alveolus''' ''m'' (genitive alveolī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|alveus|-olus|t1=hollow, trough]], a diminutive.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) ⟨alveus⟩ is from [[m|la|alvus|t=belly]].^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces ⟨alvus⟩ to [[itc-pro|*aulos]], from [[ine-pro|*h₂ewlo-|t=tube, cavity]], with metathesis of ⟨*aulos⟩ to ⟨*alwos⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucilius, of a gaming board.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Lucilius c. 180–102 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a small hollow: a trough-shaped vessel, bowl, basin, as in Varro and Phaedrus; a gaming board, as in Lucilius and Cicero; a basket for earth, in Livy; and the channel or bed of a small river.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a bowl.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for a trough, a river bed, a beehive and the paunch.^(DMLBS) English ''alveolus'' (1706), especially the socket of a tooth, is from it, as are French ''alvéole'' and Italian ''alveolo''.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it of a gaming board.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of a bowl.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1706 – English ''alveolus'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A trough-shaped vessel, [[m|en|bowl]], basin.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A gaming board.^(OLD 2012)
+ # The [[m|en|channel]] of a river.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A beehive.^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[alveolātus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[alveus]]
+ * [[alvus]]
+ * [[en|alveolus]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}