asto Latin · revision 9880

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *steh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈas.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈas.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''astō''' (present infinitive astāre, perfect active astitī); first conjugation, no supine stem, impersonal in the passive^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''adstō''; its perfect ''astitī'' cannot be told apart from that of ''assistō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ad-|stō|t1=at, by|t2=to stand]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨stō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*sta-ē-je/o-|t=to stand]], from [[ine-pro|*sth₂-eh₁-ye/o-|t=to stand]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Among the OLD's earliest citations are Naevius, Plautus and Ennius.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC and Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to stand by, near a person or thing, as in Plautus' ''astā atque audī'' “stop here and listen”; to stand waiting; to stand still, and poetically of things to remain unmoved, as in Ennius; to stand up, be upright; of things to be placed near by, as in Virgil; and to be present as a helper, assist.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to stand by or near.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin ''astō'' and ''astō animō'' were adverbial, deliberately.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of standing still.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stand by, stand near.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To stand waiting; to stand still.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To stand up, be upright.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of things)'' To be placed near by.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be present as a helper, [[m|en|assist]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[astator]]

+ * [[superasto]]

+ * [[astatus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stō]]

+ * [[assistō]]

+ * [[circumstō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}