bis Latin · revision 9874

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *dwís}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈbɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈbis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bis''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Cicero cites the old form ''duis''; it is sometimes written as one word with ''sēnī''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from Old Latin ⟨duis⟩, [[inh|itc-pro|*dwis]], [[inh|ine-pro|*dwís|t=twice]], an adverb from [[m|ine-pro|*dwóh₁|t=two]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Cognates include [[sa|द्विस्|tr=dvís]], [[ae|biš]] and [[grc|δίς|tr=dís]], all “twice”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant on two occasions, twice, as in Plautus and Cicero's ''bis in diē'' “twice a day”; with numerals two times, as in ''bis mīlle''; in twofold degree, doubly; and perhaps for the second time, in Martial.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The distributive [[bīnī]] “two each” is from it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant twice.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for twice and twice as many.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero cites the old form ''duis''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|twice|alt=Twice]], on two occasions.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with numerals)'' Two times.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|doubly|alt=Doubly]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bīnus]]

+ * [[bissēnus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dis -]]

+ * [[duo]]

+ * [[bīnī]]

+ * [[bi-]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}