bonum Latin · revision 9873
17 Oct 2026, 00:34 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=itc-pro *dweno-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈbɔ.nũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈbɔː.num]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''bonum''' ''n'' (genitive bonī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ Livius Andronicus has the old form ''duona'' for ''bona''.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the neuter of [[bonus]] “good”, used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨bonus⟩ to [[itc-pro|*dweno-|t=good]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*duh₂-eno-]]; ⟨bene⟩ is from its ablative ⟨*duenēd⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Livius Andronicus, of possessions.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260–before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a good thing, a boon, advantage, blessing, benefit, and good news, as in Plautus; in the plural good fortune, prosperity, as in Terence; in medicine gain in weight; a good quality, virtue, excellence, as in Cicero; what is morally good or right, as in Plautus; a kindness, good turn; and usually in the plural possessions, property, an estate, as in Livius Andronicus.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a good, an advantage.^(Stelten 1995) Köbler notes ''bona'' in the sense of fortune, well-being, glossed in Old High German.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it of possessions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of benefits.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of virtue.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A good thing, [[m|en|boon]], advantage, blessing.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(usually plural)'' Good fortune, [[m|en|prosperity]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A good quality, virtue.^(OLD 2012)
+ # What is morally good or right.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A kindness, good turn.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(usually plural)'' Possessions, [[m|en|property]].^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[bonus]]
+ * [[bene]]
+ * [[bonitās]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}