caelo Latin · revision 9869

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *keh₂id-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkae̯.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃɛː.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''caelō''' (present infinitive caelāre, perfect active caelāvī, supine caelātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ An inscription has ''cailāvit''.^(OLD 2012) It is especially frequent in the perfect participle ''caelātus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[caelum]] “engraving tool, chisel” with the verb suffix ⟨-ō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary traces it to [[ine-pro|*keh₂id-|t=to cut, hew]], the root of [[caedō]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Corresponding to [[grc|τορεύω|tr=toreúō]], it meant to engrave in relief, emboss, chase metal, especially silver, or ivory, as in Cicero's ''caelāre argentō'' and Virgil's ''in aurō'' “on gold”; to depict in embossed or engraved work, as in Cicero; and to adorn with embroidery.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Its derivatives include ''caelātor'' “engraver” and ''caelātūra'' “engraving”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of silver work.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of gold.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|emboss]], engrave, [[m|en|chase]] (metal).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To depict in engraved work.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To adorn with [[m|en|embroidery]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[caelāmen]]

+ * [[caelātor]]

+ * [[caelātum]]

+ * [[caelātura]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[caelum]]

+ * [[caedō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}